Exciter#
Exciter group for synchronous generators.
Common Parameters: u, name, syn
Common Variables: vout, vi
Available models: EXDC2, IEEEX1, ESDC1A, ESDC2A, EXST1, ESST3A, SEXS, IEEET1, EXAC1, EXAC2, EXAC4, ESST4B, AC8B, IEEET3, ESAC1A, ESST1A, ESAC5A
EXDC2#
EXDC2 model.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in anti-windup lag |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
|
TF1 |
\(T_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout time constant |
1 |
p.u. |
non_zero |
KF1 |
\(K_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout gain |
0.030 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Gain in anti-windup lag TF |
40 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Gain added to saturation |
1 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum excitation limit |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum excitation limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
vp |
\(vp\) |
State |
Voltage after saturation feedback, before speed term |
p.u. |
v_str |
LS_y |
\(LS_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
W_x |
\(W_{x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
W_y |
\(W_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
vp |
\(vp\) |
State |
\(vf_{0}\) |
LS_y |
\(LS_{y}\) |
State |
\(1.0 v\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(vi\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y}\) |
W_x |
\(W_{x}\) |
State |
\(vp\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + vb_{0}\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(Se_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(vb_{0}\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(vi\) |
W_y |
\(W_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
vp |
\(vp\) |
State |
\(ue \left(- KE vp + LA_{y} - Se vp\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
LS_y |
\(LS_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LS_{y} + 1.0 v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(- LL_{x} + vi\) |
\(T_B\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y} - LA_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
W_x |
\(W_{x}\) |
State |
\(- W_{x} + vp\) |
\(T_{F1}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(\omega ue vp - vout\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(SAT_{B} SL_{z0} \left(- SAT_{A} + vp\right)^{2} - Se vp\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- LS_{y} - W_{y} - vi + vref\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TB - LL_{y} TB + TC \left(- LL_{x} + vi\right)\) |
W_y |
\(W_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(KF_{1} \left(- W_{x} + vp\right) - TF_{1} W_{y}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2} - 2 SAT_{zSE2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(SE_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(- 2 SAT_{zSE2} + SE_{2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{SAT_{E1} SAT_{SE1}}{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(SAT_{E2} - \frac{SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}}{SAT_{a} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2} \left(SAT_{a} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
Se0 |
\(S_{e0}\) |
\(\frac{SAT_{B} \left(SAT_{A} - vf_{0}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(vf_{0} > SAT_{A} \right)}}{- ug + vf_{0} + 1}\) |
ConstService |
vr0 |
\(V_{r0}\) |
\(vf_{0} \left(KE + Se_{0}\right)\) |
ConstService |
vb0 |
\(V_{b0}\) |
\(\frac{vr_{0}}{KA}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
LS |
\(LS\) |
Lag |
Sensing lag TF |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag for internal delays |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Anti-windup lag |
W |
\(W\) |
Washout |
Signal conditioner |
Config Fields in [EXDC2]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
IEEEX1#
IEEEX1 Type 1 exciter (DC)
Derived from EXDC2 by varying the limiter bounds.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in anti-windup lag |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
|
TF1 |
\(T_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout time constant |
1 |
p.u. |
non_zero |
KF1 |
\(K_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout gain |
0.030 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Gain in anti-windup lag TF |
40 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Gain added to saturation |
1 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum excitation limit |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum excitation limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
vp |
\(vp\) |
State |
Voltage after saturation feedback, before speed term |
p.u. |
v_str |
LS_y |
\(LS_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
W_x |
\(W_{x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
W_y |
\(W_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
vp |
\(vp\) |
State |
\(vf_{0}\) |
LS_y |
\(LS_{y}\) |
State |
\(1.0 v\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(vi\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y}\) |
W_x |
\(W_{x}\) |
State |
\(vp\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + vb_{0}\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(Se_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(vb_{0}\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(vi\) |
W_y |
\(W_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
vp |
\(vp\) |
State |
\(ue \left(- KE vp + LA_{y} - Se vp\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
LS_y |
\(LS_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LS_{y} + 1.0 v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(- LL_{x} + vi\) |
\(T_B\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y} - LA_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
W_x |
\(W_{x}\) |
State |
\(- W_{x} + vp\) |
\(T_{F1}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vp - vout\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(SAT_{B} SL_{z0} \left(- SAT_{A} + vp\right)^{2} - Se vp\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- LS_{y} - W_{y} - vi + vref\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TB - LL_{y} TB + TC \left(- LL_{x} + vi\right)\) |
W_y |
\(W_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(KF_{1} \left(- W_{x} + vp\right) - TF_{1} W_{y}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2} - 2 SAT_{zSE2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(SE_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(- 2 SAT_{zSE2} + SE_{2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{SAT_{E1} SAT_{SE1}}{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(SAT_{E2} - \frac{SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}}{SAT_{a} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2} \left(SAT_{a} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
Se0 |
\(S_{e0}\) |
\(\frac{SAT_{B} \left(SAT_{A} - vf_{0}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(vf_{0} > SAT_{A} \right)}}{- ug + vf_{0} + 1}\) |
ConstService |
vr0 |
\(V_{r0}\) |
\(vf_{0} \left(KE + Se_{0}\right)\) |
ConstService |
vb0 |
\(V_{b0}\) |
\(\frac{vr_{0}}{KA}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
VRTMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}V_T\) |
\(VRMAX v\) |
VarService |
VRTMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}V_T\) |
\(VRMIN v\) |
VarService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
LS |
\(LS\) |
Lag |
Sensing lag TF |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag for internal delays |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Anti-windup lag |
W |
\(W\) |
Washout |
Signal conditioner |
Config Fields in [IEEEX1]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
ESDC1A#
ESDC1A model.
This model derives from ESDC2A and changes the regular limits to "VRMAX" and "VRMIN".
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in regulator |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Max. exc. limit (0-unlimited) |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Min. excitation limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Saturation feedback gain |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
|
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF1 |
\(T_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout time constant |
1 |
p.u. |
non_zero,non_negative |
Switch |
\(S_w\) |
Switch that PSS/E did not implement |
0 |
bool |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str |
|
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
HG_y |
\(HG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
HVGate output |
v_str |
|
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(vi\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y}\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(vf_{0}\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(INT_{y}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + \frac{vfe_{0}}{KA}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(\frac{vfe_{0}}{KA}\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(vi\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
HG_y |
\(HG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HG_{lt z0} UEL + HG_{lt z1} LL_{y}\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(Se_{0}\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(vfe_{0}\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(- LL_{x} + vi\) |
\(T_B\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y} - LA_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(ue \left(LA_{y} - VFE\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(INT_{y} - WF_{x}\) |
\(T_{F1}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(INT_{y} - vout\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- WF_{y} - v - vi + vref\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TB - LL_{y} TB + TC \left(- LL_{x} + vi\right)\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL\) |
HG_y |
\(HG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HG_{lt z0} UEL + HG_{lt z1} LL_{y} - HG_{y}\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(SAT_{B} SL_{z0} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} - Se\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(INT_{y} KE + Se - VFE\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(KF \left(INT_{y} - WF_{x}\right) - TF_{1} WF_{y}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
VRMAXc |
\(VRMAXc\) |
\(VRMAX - 999 _zVRM + 999\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2} - 2 SAT_{zSE2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(SE_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(- 2 SAT_{zSE2} + SE_{2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{SAT_{E1} SAT_{SE1}}{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(SAT_{E2} - \frac{SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}}{SAT_{a} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2} \left(SAT_{a} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
Se0 |
\(S_{e0}\) |
\(SAT_{B} \left(SAT_{A} - vf_{0}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(vf_{0} > SAT_{A} \right)}\) |
ConstService |
vfe0 |
\(V_{FE0}\) |
\(KE vf_{0} + Se_{0}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
VRU |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
\(VRMAXc\) |
ConstService |
VRL |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
\(VRMIN\) |
ConstService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
HG_lt |
\(None_{HG}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Transducer delay |
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag compensator |
HG |
\(HG\) |
HVGate |
HVGate for under excitation |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Anti-windup lag |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
Integrator |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
Feedback to input |
Config Fields in [ESDC1A]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
ESDC2A#
ESDC2A model.
This model is implemented as described in the PSS/E manual, except that the HVGate is not in use. Due to the HVGate and saturation function, the results are close to but different from TSAT.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in regulator |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Max. exc. limit (0-unlimited) |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Min. excitation limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Saturation feedback gain |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
|
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF1 |
\(T_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout time constant |
1 |
p.u. |
non_zero,non_negative |
Switch |
\(S_w\) |
Switch that PSS/E did not implement |
0 |
bool |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str |
|
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
HG_y |
\(HG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
HVGate output |
v_str |
|
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(vi\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y}\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(vf_{0}\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(INT_{y}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + \frac{vfe_{0}}{KA}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(\frac{vfe_{0}}{KA}\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(vi\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
HG_y |
\(HG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HG_{lt z0} UEL + HG_{lt z1} LL_{y}\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(Se_{0}\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(vfe_{0}\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(- LL_{x} + vi\) |
\(T_B\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y} - LA_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(ue \left(LA_{y} - VFE\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(INT_{y} - WF_{x}\) |
\(T_{F1}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(INT_{y} - vout\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- WF_{y} - v - vi + vref\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TB - LL_{y} TB + TC \left(- LL_{x} + vi\right)\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL\) |
HG_y |
\(HG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HG_{lt z0} UEL + HG_{lt z1} LL_{y} - HG_{y}\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(SAT_{B} SL_{z0} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} - Se\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(INT_{y} KE + Se - VFE\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(KF \left(INT_{y} - WF_{x}\right) - TF_{1} WF_{y}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
VRMAXc |
\(VRMAXc\) |
\(VRMAX - 999 _zVRM + 999\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2} - 2 SAT_{zSE2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(SE_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(- 2 SAT_{zSE2} + SE_{2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{SAT_{E1} SAT_{SE1}}{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(SAT_{E2} - \frac{SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}}{SAT_{a} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2} \left(SAT_{a} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
Se0 |
\(S_{e0}\) |
\(SAT_{B} \left(SAT_{A} - vf_{0}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(vf_{0} > SAT_{A} \right)}\) |
ConstService |
vfe0 |
\(V_{FE0}\) |
\(KE vf_{0} + Se_{0}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
VRU |
\(V_T V_{RMAX}\) |
\(VRMAXc v\) |
VarService |
VRL |
\(V_T V_{RMIN}\) |
\(VRMIN v\) |
VarService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
HG_lt |
\(None_{HG}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Transducer delay |
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag compensator |
HG |
\(HG\) |
HVGate |
HVGate for under excitation |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Anti-windup lag |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
Integrator |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
Feedback to input |
Config Fields in [ESDC2A]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
EXST1#
EXST1-type static excitation system.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Measurement delay |
0.010 |
||
VIMAX |
\(V_{IMAX}\) |
Max. input voltage |
0.200 |
||
VIMIN |
\(V_{IMIN}\) |
Min. input voltage |
0 |
||
TC |
\(T_C\) |
LL numerator |
1 |
||
TB |
\(T_B\) |
LL denominator |
1 |
||
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Regulator delay |
0.050 |
||
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Max. regulator output |
8 |
||
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Min. regulator output |
-3 |
||
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Coef. for Ifd |
0.200 |
||
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_F\) |
Feedback delay |
1 |
non_zero,non_negative |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LR_y |
\(LR_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
vl |
\(vl\) |
Algeb |
Input after limiter |
v_str |
|
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vfmax |
\(vfmax\) |
Algeb |
Upper bound of output limiter |
v_str |
|
vfmin |
\(vfmin\) |
Algeb |
Lower bound of output limiter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(vl\) |
LR_y |
\(LR_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y}\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(LR_{y}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + \frac{vf_{0}}{KA}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(\frac{vf_{0}}{KA}\) |
vl |
\(vl\) |
Algeb |
\(HLI_{zi} vi + HLI_{zl} VIMIN + HLI_{zu} VIMAX\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(vl\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vfmax |
\(vfmax\) |
Algeb |
\(- KC XadIfd + VRMAX\) |
vfmin |
\(vfmin\) |
Algeb |
\(- KC XadIfd + VRMIN\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(- LL_{x} + vl\) |
\(T_B\) |
LR_y |
\(LR_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y} - LR_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(LR_{y} - WF_{x}\) |
\(T_F\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(HLR_{zi} LR_{y} + HLR_{zl} vfmin + HLR_{zu} vfmax\right) - vout\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- LG_{y} - WF_{y} - vi + vref\) |
vl |
\(vl\) |
Algeb |
\(HLI_{zi} vi + HLI_{zl} VIMIN + HLI_{zu} VIMAX - vl\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TB - LL_{y} TB + TC \left(- LL_{x} + vl\right)\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(KF \left(LR_{y} - WF_{x}\right) - TF WF_{y}\) |
vfmax |
\(vfmax\) |
Algeb |
\(- KC XadIfd + VRMAX - vfmax\) |
vfmin |
\(vfmin\) |
Algeb |
\(- KC XadIfd + VRMIN - vfmin\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
HLI |
\(HLI\) |
HardLimiter |
Hard limiter on input |
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
HLR |
\(HLR\) |
HardLimiter |
Hard limiter on regulator output |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Sensing delay |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag compensator |
LR |
\(LR\) |
Lag |
Regulator |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
Stablizing circuit feedback |
Config Fields in [EXST1]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
ESST3A#
Static exciter type 3A model
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
VIMAX |
\(V_{IMAX}\) |
Max. input voltage |
0.800 |
||
VIMIN |
\(V_{IMIN}\) |
Min. input voltage |
-0.100 |
||
KM |
\(K_M\) |
Forward gain constant |
500 |
||
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
3 |
||
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
15 |
||
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Gain in anti-windup lag TF |
50 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in anti-windup lag |
0.100 |
||
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum excitation limit |
8 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum excitation limit |
0 |
p.u. |
|
KG |
\(K_G\) |
Feedback gain of inner field regulator |
1 |
||
KP |
\(K_P\) |
Potential circuit gain coeff. |
4 |
||
KI |
\(K_I\) |
Potential circuit gain coeff. |
0.100 |
||
VBMAX |
\(V_{BMAX}\) |
VB upper limit |
18 |
p.u. |
|
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
XL |
\(X_L\) |
Potential source reactance |
0.010 |
||
VGMAX |
\(V_{GMAX}\) |
VG upper limit |
4 |
p.u. |
|
THETAP |
\(\theta_P\) |
Rectifier firing angle |
0 |
degree |
|
TM |
\(K_C\) |
Inner field regulator forward time constant |
0.100 |
||
VMMAX |
\(V_{MMAX}\) |
Maximum VM limit |
1 |
p.u. |
|
VMMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum VM limit |
0.100 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LAW1_y |
\(LAW_{1 y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
LAW2_y |
\(LAW_{2 y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
Input to FEX |
v_str |
|
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str |
|
VB_x |
\(VB_{x}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
VB_y |
\(VB_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
VG_x |
\(VG_{x}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
VG_y |
\(VG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
vrs |
\(vrs\) |
Algeb |
VR subtract feedback VG |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
vil |
\(vil\) |
Algeb |
Input voltage after limit |
v_str |
|
HG_y |
\(HG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
HVGate output |
v_str |
|
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
||
vd |
\(vd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine voltage |
||
vq |
\(vq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine voltage |
||
Id |
\(Id\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine current |
||
Iq |
\(Iq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine current |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(HG_{y}\) |
LAW1_y |
\(LAW_{1 y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y}\) |
LAW2_y |
\(LAW_{2 y}\) |
State |
\(KM vrs\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0}\) |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
\(\operatorname{safe}_{div}{\left(KC XadIfd,VE \right)}\) |
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(\operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ IN \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 IN, \ IN \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - IN^{2}}, \ IN \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 IN, \ IN \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
VB_x |
\(VB_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(FEX_{y} VE\) |
VB_y |
\(VB_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VBMAX VB_{lim zu} + VB_{lim zi} VB_{x}\) |
VG_x |
\(VG_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(KG vout\) |
VG_y |
\(VG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VGMAX VG_{lim zu} + VG_{lim zi} VG_{x}\) |
vrs |
\(vrs\) |
Algeb |
\(\frac{\operatorname{safe}_{div}{\left(vf_{0},VB_{y} \right)}}{KM}\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + \frac{VG_{y} + vrs}{KA}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vref\) |
vil |
\(vil\) |
Algeb |
\(HLI_{zi} vi + HLI_{zl} VIMIN + HLI_{zu} VIMAX\) |
HG_y |
\(HG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HG_{lt z0} UEL + HG_{lt z1} vil\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HG_{y}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vd |
\(vd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vq |
\(vq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
Id |
\(Id\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
Iq |
\(Iq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(HG_{y} - LL_{x}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LAW1_y |
\(LAW_{1 y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y} - LAW_{1 y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
LAW2_y |
\(LAW_{2 y}\) |
State |
\(KM vrs - LAW_{2 y}\) |
\(K_C\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(LAW_{2 y} VB_{y} ue - vout\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL + UEL_{0}\) |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- IN VE + KC XadIfd\right)\) |
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(- FEX_{y} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ IN \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 IN, \ IN \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - IN^{2}}, \ IN \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 IN, \ IN \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
VB_x |
\(VB_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(FEX_{y} VE - VB_{x}\) |
VB_y |
\(VB_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VBMAX VB_{lim zu} + VB_{lim zi} VB_{x} - VB_{y}\) |
VG_x |
\(VG_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(KG vout - VG_{x}\) |
VG_y |
\(VG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VGMAX VG_{lim zu} + VG_{lim zi} VG_{x} - VG_{y}\) |
vrs |
\(vrs\) |
Algeb |
\(LAW_{1 y} - VG_{y} - vrs\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- LG_{y} - vi + vref\) |
vil |
\(vil\) |
Algeb |
\(HLI_{zi} vi + HLI_{zl} VIMIN + HLI_{zu} VIMAX - vil\) |
HG_y |
\(HG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HG_{lt z0} UEL + HG_{lt z1} vil - HG_{y}\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TB - LL_{y} TB + TC \left(HG_{y} - LL_{x}\right)\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vd |
\(vd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vq |
\(vq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Id |
\(Id\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Iq |
\(Iq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
KPC |
\(K_{PC}\) |
\(KP e^{i \operatorname{radians}{\left(THETAP \right)}}\) |
ConstService |
UEL0 |
\(U_{EL0}\) |
\(-9999\) |
ConstService |
VE |
\(V_E\) |
\(\left|{KPC \left(vd + i vq\right) + i \left(Id + i Iq\right) \left(KI + KPC XL\right)}\right|\) |
VarService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
VB_lim |
\(lim_{VB}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
VG_lim |
\(lim_{VG}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
HG_lt |
\(None_{HG}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LAW1_lim |
\(lim_{LAW1}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
HLI |
\(HLI\) |
HardLimiter |
Input limiter |
LAW2_lim |
\(lim_{LAW2}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
FEX |
\(FEX\) |
Piecewise |
Piecewise function FEX |
VB |
\(VB\) |
GainLimiter |
VB with limiter |
VG |
\(VG\) |
GainLimiter |
Feedback gain with HL |
HG |
\(HG\) |
HVGate |
HVGate for under excitation |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Regulator |
LAW1 |
\(LAW1\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Lag AW on VR |
LAW2 |
\(LAW2\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Lag AW on VM |
Config Fields in [ESST3A]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
SEXS#
Simplified Excitation System
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TATB |
\(T_A/T_B\) |
Time constant TA/TB |
0.400 |
||
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Time constant TB in LL |
5 |
||
K |
\(K\) |
Gain |
20 |
non_zero |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
AW Lag time constant |
1 |
||
EMIN |
\(E_{MIN}\) |
lower limit |
-99 |
||
EMAX |
\(E_{MAX}\) |
upper limit |
99 |
||
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LAW_y |
\(LAW_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(vi\) |
LAW_y |
\(LAW_{y}\) |
State |
\(K LL_{y}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + \frac{vf_{0}}{K}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(\frac{vf_{0}}{K}\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(vi\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(- LL_{x} + vi\) |
\(T_B\) |
LAW_y |
\(LAW_{y}\) |
State |
\(K LL_{y} - LAW_{y}\) |
\(T_E\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(LAW_{y} ue - vout\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- v - vi + vref\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TB - LL_{y} TB + TA \left(- LL_{x} + vi\right)\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
TA |
\(TA\) |
\(TATB TB\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LAW_lim |
\(lim_{LAW}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
|
LAW |
\(LAW\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Config Fields in [SEXS]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
IEEET1#
IEEET1 exciter.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.020 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
5 |
p.u. |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in anti-windup lag |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum excitation limit |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum excitation limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Gain added to saturation |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
|
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_F\) |
Feedback delay |
1 |
non_zero,non_negative |
|
Switch |
\(S_w\) |
Switch unused in PSS/E |
0 |
bool |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str |
|
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA ue \left(- WF_{y} + vi\right)\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(vf_{0}\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(vout\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + vb_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vref\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(vfe_{0}\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(Se_{0}\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA ue \left(- WF_{y} + vi\right) - LA_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(ue \left(LA_{y} - VFE\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(- WF_{x} + vout\) |
\(T_F\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(INT_{y} - vout\right)\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- LG_{y} - vi + vref\right)\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(INT_{y} KE + Se - VFE\right)\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(SAT_{B} SL_{z0} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} - Se\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(KF \left(- WF_{x} + vout\right) - TF WF_{y}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
VRMAXc |
\(VRMAXc\) |
\(VRMAX - 999 _zVRM + 999\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2} - 2 SAT_{zSE2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(SE_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(- 2 SAT_{zSE2} + SE_{2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{SAT_{E1} SAT_{SE1}}{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(SAT_{E2} - \frac{SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}}{SAT_{a} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2} \left(SAT_{a} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
Se0 |
\(S_{e0}\) |
\(SAT_{B} \left(SAT_{A} - vf_{0}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(vf_{0} > SAT_{A} \right)}\) |
ConstService |
vr0 |
\(V_{r0}\) |
\(KE vf_{0} + Se_{0}\) |
ConstService |
vb0 |
\(V_{b0}\) |
\(\frac{vr_{0}}{KA}\) |
ConstService |
vfe0 |
\(V_{FE0}\) |
\(KE vf_{0} + Se_{0}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Sensing delay |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Anti-windup lag |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
Integrator |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
Stablizing circuit feedback |
Config Fields in [IEEET1]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
EXAC1#
EXAC1 model.
Ref: https://www.powerworld.com/WebHelp/Content/TransientModels_HTML/Exciter%20EXAC1.htm
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in regulator |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum regulator output |
8 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum regulator output |
0 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
non_negative |
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_F\) |
Feedback delay |
1 |
non_zero,non_negative |
|
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
KD |
\(K_C\) |
Ifd feedback gain |
0 |
||
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Saturation feedback gain |
1 |
p.u. |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str,v_iter |
|
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
Input to FEX |
v_str,v_iter |
|
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str,v_iter |
|
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(vi\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y}\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(FEX_{y} INT_{y} - vf_{0}\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(VFE\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
\(- IN INT_{y} + KC XadIfd\) |
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(- FEX_{y} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ IN \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 IN, \ IN \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - IN^{2}}, \ IN \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 IN, \ IN \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vref\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(vi\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(SAT_{B} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(INT_{y} > SAT_{A} \right)}\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(INT_{y} KE + KD XadIfd + Se\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + \frac{VFE}{KA}\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(- LL_{x} + vi\) |
\(T_B\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y} - LA_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(ue \left(LA_{y} - VFE\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(VFE - WF_{x}\) |
\(T_F\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(FEX_{y} INT_{y} - vout\right)\) |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- IN INT_{y} + KC XadIfd\right)\) |
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(- FEX_{y} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ IN \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 IN, \ IN \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - IN^{2}}, \ IN \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 IN, \ IN \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- WF_{y} - v - vi + vref\right)\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TB - LL_{y} TB + TC \left(- LL_{x} + vi\right)\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(SAT_{B} SL_{z0} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} - Se\right)\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(INT_{y} KE + KD XadIfd + Se - VFE\right)\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(KF \left(VFE - WF_{x}\right) - TF WF_{y}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2} - 2 SAT_{zSE2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(SE_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(- 2 SAT_{zSE2} + SE_{2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{SAT_{E1} SAT_{SE1}}{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(SAT_{E2} - \frac{SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}}{SAT_{a} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2} \left(SAT_{a} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
FEX |
\(FEX\) |
Piecewise |
Piecewise function FEX |
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Regulator |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Lag AW on VR |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
Integrator |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
Stablizing circuit feedback |
Config Fields in [EXAC1]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
EXAC2#
EXAC2 model.
Ref: https://www.powerworld.com/WebHelp/Content/TransientModels_HTML/Exciter%20EXAC2.htm
Notes#
VLR is an input parameter, but to initialize the LVGate, an internal
VLRx will be computed as a contant upon initialization. The constant
VLRx will be used in the place of VLR in the block diagram.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in regulator |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum regulator output |
8 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum regulator output |
0 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
non_negative |
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_F\) |
Feedback delay |
1 |
non_zero,non_negative |
|
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
KD |
\(K_C\) |
Ifd feedback gain |
0 |
||
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Saturation feedback gain |
1 |
p.u. |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
VAMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum KA block output |
8 |
p.u. |
|
VAMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum KA block output |
0 |
p.u. |
|
VLR |
\(V_{LR}\) |
low voltage constant |
0 |
p.u. |
|
KL |
\(K_L\) |
gain for low voltage |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KH |
\(K_H\) |
gain for high voltage |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KB |
\(K_B\) |
gain KB for regulator |
1 |
p.u. |
non_negative |
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str,v_iter |
|
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
Input to FEX |
v_str,v_iter |
|
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str,v_iter |
|
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
VHA |
\(VHA\) |
Algeb |
v_str |
||
VL |
\(VL\) |
Algeb |
v_str |
||
LVG_y |
\(LVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
LVGate output |
v_str |
|
VR_x |
\(VR_{x}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
VR_y |
\(VR_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
VLRx |
\(VLRx\) |
Algeb |
v_str |
||
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(vi\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y}\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(FEX_{y} INT_{y} - vf_{0}\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(VFE\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
\(- IN INT_{y} + KC XadIfd\) |
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(- FEX_{y} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ IN \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 IN, \ IN \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - IN^{2}}, \ IN \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 IN, \ IN \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vref\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(vi\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(SAT_{B} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(INT_{y} > SAT_{A} \right)}\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(INT_{y} KE + KD XadIfd + Se\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + \frac{KL VFE + \frac{VFE}{KB}}{KA}\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
VHA |
\(VHA\) |
Algeb |
\(- KH VFE + LA_{y}\) |
VL |
\(VL\) |
Algeb |
\(KL \left(- VFE + VLRx\right)\) |
LVG_y |
\(LVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LVG_{lt z0} VL + LVG_{lt z1} VHA\) |
VR_x |
\(VR_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(KB LVG_{y}\) |
VR_y |
\(VR_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VRMAX VR_{lim zu} + VRMIN VR_{lim zl} + VR_{lim zi} VR_{x}\) |
VLRx |
\(VLRx\) |
Algeb |
\(VLR \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(VFE + \frac{VFE}{KB KL} < VLR \right)} + \left(VFE + \frac{VFE}{KB KL}\right) \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(VFE + \frac{VFE}{KB KL} > VLR \right)}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(- LL_{x} + vi\) |
\(T_B\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y} - LA_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(ue \left(- VFE + VR_{y}\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(VFE - WF_{x}\) |
\(T_F\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(FEX_{y} INT_{y} - vout\right)\) |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- IN INT_{y} + KC XadIfd\right)\) |
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(- FEX_{y} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ IN \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 IN, \ IN \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - IN^{2}}, \ IN \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 IN, \ IN \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- WF_{y} - v - vi + vref\right)\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TB - LL_{y} TB + TC \left(- LL_{x} + vi\right)\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(SAT_{B} SL_{z0} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} - Se\right)\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(INT_{y} KE + KD XadIfd + Se - VFE\right)\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(KF \left(VFE - WF_{x}\right) - TF WF_{y}\) |
VHA |
\(VHA\) |
Algeb |
\(- KH VFE + LA_{y} - VHA\) |
VL |
\(VL\) |
Algeb |
\(KL \left(- VFE + VLRx\right) - VL\) |
LVG_y |
\(LVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LVG_{lt z0} VL + LVG_{lt z1} VHA - LVG_{y}\) |
VR_x |
\(VR_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(KB LVG_{y} - VR_{x}\) |
VR_y |
\(VR_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VRMAX VR_{lim zu} + VRMIN VR_{lim zl} + VR_{lim zi} VR_{x} - VR_{y}\) |
VLRx |
\(VLRx\) |
Algeb |
\(VLR_{0} - VLRx\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2} - 2 SAT_{zSE2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(SE_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(- 2 SAT_{zSE2} + SE_{2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{SAT_{E1} SAT_{SE1}}{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(SAT_{E2} - \frac{SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}}{SAT_{a} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2} \left(SAT_{a} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
VLR0 |
\(VLR0\) |
\(VLRx\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
|
LVG_lt |
\(None_{LVG}\) |
LessThan |
|
VR_lim |
\(lim_{VR}\) |
HardLimiter |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
FEX |
\(FEX\) |
Piecewise |
Piecewise function FEX |
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Regulator |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Lag AW on VR |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
Integrator |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
Stablizing circuit feedback |
LVG |
\(LVG\) |
LVGate |
|
VR |
\(VR\) |
GainLimiter |
Config Fields in [EXAC2]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
EXAC4#
IEEE Type AC4 excitation system model.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
VIMAX |
\(V_{IMAX}\) |
Max. input voltage |
5 |
||
VIMIN |
\(V_{IMIN}\) |
Min. input voltage |
-0.100 |
||
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in regulator |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum excitation limit |
8 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum excitation limit |
0 |
p.u. |
|
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Reactive power compensation gain |
0 |
||
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LR_y |
\(LR_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
vfmax |
\(vfmax\) |
Algeb |
Upper bound of output limiter |
v_str |
|
vfmin |
\(vfmin\) |
Algeb |
Lower bound of output limiter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(HLI_{zi} vi + HLI_{zl} VIMIN + HLI_{zu} VIMAX\) |
LR_y |
\(LR_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(\frac{vf_{0}}{KA}\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HLI_{zi} vi + HLI_{zl} VIMIN + HLI_{zu} VIMAX\) |
vfmax |
\(vfmax\) |
Algeb |
\(- KC XadIfd + VRMAX\) |
vfmin |
\(vfmin\) |
Algeb |
\(- KC XadIfd + VRMIN\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(HLI_{zi} vi + HLI_{zl} VIMIN + HLI_{zu} VIMAX - LL_{x}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LR_y |
\(LR_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y} - LR_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(HLR_{zi} LR_{y} + HLR_{zl} vfmin + HLR_{zu} vfmax\right) - vout\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- LG_{y} - vi + vref_{0}\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TB - LL_{y} TB + TC \left(HLI_{zi} vi + HLI_{zl} VIMIN + HLI_{zu} VIMAX - LL_{x}\right)\) |
vfmax |
\(vfmax\) |
Algeb |
\(- KC XadIfd + VRMAX - vfmax\) |
vfmin |
\(vfmin\) |
Algeb |
\(- KC XadIfd + VRMIN - vfmin\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(v + \frac{vf_{0}}{KA}\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
HLI |
\(HLI\) |
HardLimiter |
Hard limiter on input |
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
HLR |
\(HLR\) |
HardLimiter |
Hard limiter on regulator output |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Sensing delay |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag compensator |
LR |
\(LR\) |
Lag |
Regulator |
Config Fields in [EXAC4]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
ESST4B#
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
KPR |
\(K_{PR}\) |
Proportional gain 1 |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KIR |
\(K_{IR}\) |
Integral gain 1 |
0 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum regulator limit |
8 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum regulator limit |
0 |
p.u. |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant |
0.100 |
||
KPM |
\(K_{PM}\) |
Proportional gain 2 |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KIM |
\(K_{IM}\) |
Integral gain 2 |
0 |
p.u. |
|
VMMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum inner loop limit |
8 |
p.u. |
|
VMMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum inner loop limit |
0 |
p.u. |
|
KG |
\(K_G\) |
Feedback gain of inner field regulator |
1 |
||
KP |
\(K_P\) |
Potential circuit gain coeff. |
4 |
||
KI |
\(K_I\) |
Potential circuit gain coeff. |
0.100 |
||
VBMAX |
\(V_{BMAX}\) |
VB upper limit |
18 |
p.u. |
|
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
XL |
\(X_L\) |
Potential source reactance |
0.010 |
||
THETAP |
\(\theta_P\) |
Rectifier firing angle |
0 |
degree |
|
VGMAX |
\(V_{GMAX}\) |
VG upper limit |
20 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
PI1_xi |
\(\pi_{1 \xi}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
PI2_xi |
\(\pi_{2 \xi}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
Input to FEX |
v_str |
|
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str |
|
VB_x |
\(VB_{x}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
VB_y |
\(VB_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
VG_x |
\(VG_{x}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
VG_y |
\(VG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
PI1_ys |
\(\pi_{1 ys}\) |
Algeb |
PI summation before limit |
v_str |
|
PI1_y |
\(\pi_{1 y}\) |
Algeb |
PI output |
v_str |
|
PI2_ys |
\(\pi_{2 ys}\) |
Algeb |
PI summation before limit |
v_str |
|
PI2_y |
\(\pi_{2 y}\) |
Algeb |
PI output |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
||
vd |
\(vd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine voltage |
||
vq |
\(vq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine voltage |
||
Id |
\(Id\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine current |
||
Iq |
\(Iq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine current |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
PI1_xi |
\(\pi_{1 \xi}\) |
State |
\(VG_{y}\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(1.0 \pi_{1 y}\) |
PI2_xi |
\(\pi_{2 \xi}\) |
State |
\(\operatorname{safe}_{div}{\left(vf_{0},VB_{y} \right)}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
\(\operatorname{safe}_{div}{\left(KC XadIfd,VE \right)}\) |
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(\operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ IN \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 IN, \ IN \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - IN^{2}}, \ IN \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 IN, \ IN \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
VB_x |
\(VB_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(FEX_{y} VE\) |
VB_y |
\(VB_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VBMAX VB_{lim zu} + VB_{lim zi} VB_{x}\) |
VG_x |
\(VG_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(KG vout\) |
VG_y |
\(VG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VGMAX VG_{lim zu} + VG_{lim zi} VG_{x}\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vref\) |
PI1_ys |
\(\pi_{1 ys}\) |
Algeb |
\(KPR vi + VG_{y}\) |
PI1_y |
\(\pi_{1 y}\) |
Algeb |
\(\pi_{1 lim zi} \pi_{1 ys} + \pi_{1 lim zl} VRMIN + \pi_{1 lim zu} VRMAX\) |
PI2_ys |
\(\pi_{2 ys}\) |
Algeb |
\(KPM \left(LA_{y} - VG_{y}\right) + \operatorname{safe}_{div}{\left(vf_{0},VB_{y} \right)}\) |
PI2_y |
\(\pi_{2 y}\) |
Algeb |
\(\pi_{2 lim zi} \pi_{2 ys} + \pi_{2 lim zl} VMMIN + \pi_{2 lim zu} VMMAX\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vd |
\(vd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vq |
\(vq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
Id |
\(Id\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
Iq |
\(Iq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
PI1_xi |
\(\pi_{1 \xi}\) |
State |
\(KIR \left(2 \pi_{1 y} - 2 \pi_{1 ys} + vi\right)\) |
|
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LA_{y} + 1.0 \pi_{1 y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
PI2_xi |
\(\pi_{2 \xi}\) |
State |
\(KIM \left(LA_{y} + 2 \pi_{2 y} - 2 \pi_{2 ys} - VG_{y}\right)\) |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(\pi_{2 y} VB_{y} ue - vout\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL\) |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- IN VE + KC XadIfd\right)\) |
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(- FEX_{y} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ IN \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 IN, \ IN \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - IN^{2}}, \ IN \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 IN, \ IN \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
VB_x |
\(VB_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(FEX_{y} VE - VB_{x}\) |
VB_y |
\(VB_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VBMAX VB_{lim zu} + VB_{lim zi} VB_{x} - VB_{y}\) |
VG_x |
\(VG_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(KG vout - VG_{x}\) |
VG_y |
\(VG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VGMAX VG_{lim zu} + VG_{lim zi} VG_{x} - VG_{y}\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- LG_{y} - vi + vref\) |
PI1_ys |
\(\pi_{1 ys}\) |
Algeb |
\(KPR vi + \pi_{1 \xi} - \pi_{1 ys}\) |
PI1_y |
\(\pi_{1 y}\) |
Algeb |
\(\pi_{1 lim zi} \pi_{1 ys} + \pi_{1 lim zl} VRMIN + \pi_{1 lim zu} VRMAX - \pi_{1 y}\) |
PI2_ys |
\(\pi_{2 ys}\) |
Algeb |
\(KPM \left(LA_{y} - VG_{y}\right) + \pi_{2 \xi} - \pi_{2 ys}\) |
PI2_y |
\(\pi_{2 y}\) |
Algeb |
\(\pi_{2 lim zi} \pi_{2 ys} + \pi_{2 lim zl} VMMIN + \pi_{2 lim zu} VMMAX - \pi_{2 y}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vd |
\(vd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vq |
\(vq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Id |
\(Id\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Iq |
\(Iq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
KPC |
\(K_{PC}\) |
\(KP e^{i \operatorname{radians}{\left(THETAP \right)}}\) |
ConstService |
VE |
\(V_E\) |
\(\left|{KPC \left(vd + i vq\right) + i \left(Id + i Iq\right) \left(KI + KPC XL\right)}\right|\) |
VarService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
VB_lim |
\(lim_{VB}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
VG_lim |
\(lim_{VG}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
PI1_lim |
\(lim_{PI1}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
PI2_lim |
\(lim_{PI2}\) |
HardLimiter |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
FEX |
\(FEX\) |
Piecewise |
Piecewise function FEX |
VB |
\(VB\) |
GainLimiter |
VB with limiter |
VG |
\(VG\) |
GainLimiter |
Feedback gain with HL |
PI1 |
\(PI1\) |
PITrackAW |
|
LA |
\(LA\) |
Lag |
Regulation delay |
PI2 |
\(PI2\) |
PITrackAW |
Config Fields in [ESST4B]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
|
ksr |
\(K_{sr}\) |
2 |
Tracking gain for outer PI controller |
|
ksm |
\(K_{sm}\) |
2 |
Tracking gain for inner PI controller |
AC8B#
Exciter AC8B model.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
kP |
\(k_P\) |
PID proportional coeff. |
10 |
||
kI |
\(k_I\) |
PID integrative coeff. |
10 |
||
kD |
\(k_D\) |
PID derivative coeff. |
10 |
||
Td |
\(T_d\) |
PID derivative time constant. |
0.200 |
||
VPMAX |
\(V_{PMAX}\) |
PID maximum limit |
999 |
p.u. |
|
VPMIN |
\(V_{PMIN}\) |
PID minimum limit |
-999 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum regulator limit |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum regulator limit |
1 |
p.u. |
|
VFEMAX |
\(V_{FEMAX}\) |
Exciter field current limit |
999 |
p.u. |
|
VEMIN |
\(V_{EMIN}\) |
Minimum exciter voltage output |
-999 |
p.u. |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in anti-windup lag |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Gain in anti-windup lag TF |
40 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Gain added to saturation |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KD |
\(K_D\) |
Ifd feedback gain |
0 |
||
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
PID_xi |
\(PID_{\xi}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str |
|
PID_WO_x |
\(PID_{WO x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str,v_iter |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
Input to FEX |
v_str,v_iter |
|
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str,v_iter |
|
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for over exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
Voltage compensation from PSS |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
PID_uin |
\(PID_{uin}\) |
Algeb |
PID input |
v_str |
|
PID_WO_y |
\(PID_{WO y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
PID_ys |
\(PID_{ys}\) |
Algeb |
PI summation before limit |
v_str |
|
PID_y |
\(PID_{y}\) |
Algeb |
PI output |
v_str |
|
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
PID_xi |
\(PID_{\xi}\) |
State |
\(\frac{VFE}{KA}\) |
PID_WO_x |
\(PID_{WO x}\) |
State |
\(PID_{uin}\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA PID_{y}\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(FEX_{y} INT_{y} - vf_{0}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
\(- IN INT_{y} + KC XadIfd\) |
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(- FEX_{y} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ IN \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 IN, \ IN \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - IN^{2}}, \ IN \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 IN, \ IN \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vref\) |
PID_uin |
\(PID_{uin}\) |
Algeb |
\(vi\) |
PID_WO_y |
\(PID_{WO y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
PID_ys |
\(PID_{ys}\) |
Algeb |
\(kP vi + \frac{VFE}{KA}\) |
PID_y |
\(PID_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(PID_{lim zi} PID_{ys} + PID_{lim zl} VPMIN + PID_{lim zu} VPMAX\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(SAT_{B} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(INT_{y} > SAT_{A} \right)}\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(INT_{y} KE + KD XadIfd + Se\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
PID_xi |
\(PID_{\xi}\) |
State |
\(kI \left(2 PID_{y} - 2 PID_{ys} + vi\right)\) |
|
PID_WO_x |
\(PID_{WO x}\) |
State |
\(- PID_{WO x} + PID_{uin}\) |
\(T_d\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA PID_{y} - LA_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(ue \left(LA_{y} - VFE\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(FEX_{y} INT_{y} - vout\right)\) |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- IN INT_{y} + KC XadIfd\right)\) |
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(- FEX_{y} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ IN \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 IN, \ IN \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - IN^{2}}, \ IN \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 IN, \ IN \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL + UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- OEL + OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
\(- Vs\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- LG_{y} + OEL + UEL + Vs - vi + vref\right)\) |
PID_uin |
\(PID_{uin}\) |
Algeb |
\(- PID_{uin} + vi\) |
PID_WO_y |
\(PID_{WO y}\) |
Algeb |
\(- PID_{WO y} Td + kD \left(- PID_{WO x} + PID_{uin}\right)\) |
PID_ys |
\(PID_{ys}\) |
Algeb |
\(PID_{WO y} + PID_{\xi} - PID_{ys} + kP vi\) |
PID_y |
\(PID_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(PID_{lim zi} PID_{ys} + PID_{lim zl} VPMIN + PID_{lim zu} VPMAX - PID_{y}\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(SAT_{B} SL_{z0} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} - Se\right)\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(INT_{y} KE + KD XadIfd + Se - VFE\right)\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
UEL0 |
\(UEL0\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
OEL0 |
\(OEL0\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2} - 2 SAT_{zSE2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(SE_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(- 2 SAT_{zSE2} + SE_{2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{SAT_{E1} SAT_{SE1}}{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(SAT_{E2} - \frac{SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}}{SAT_{a} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2} \left(SAT_{a} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(v\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
PID_lim |
\(lim_{PID}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
FEX |
\(FEX\) |
Piecewise |
Piecewise function FEX |
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
PID |
\(PID\) |
PIDTrackAW |
PID |
PID_WO |
\(PID\ {WO}_{PID}\) |
Washout |
Washout |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
V_{R}, Anti-windup lag |
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
V_E, integrator |
Config Fields in [AC8B]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
|
ks |
2 |
Tracking gain for PID controller |
IEEET3#
Exciter IEEET3.
Reference:
[1] PowerWorld, Exciter IEEET3, [Online],
[2] NEPLAN, Exciters Models, [Online],
Available:
https://www.powerworld.com/WebHelp/Content/TransientModels_HTML/Exciter%20IEEET3.htm
https://www.neplan.ch/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Nep_EXCITERS1.pdf
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.020 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
5 |
p.u. |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in anti-windup lag |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum regulator limit |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum regulator limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VBMAX |
\(V_{BMAX}\) |
VB upper limit |
18 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Exciter integrator constant |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_F\) |
Feedback delay |
1 |
non_zero,non_negative |
|
KP |
\(K_P\) |
Potential circuit gain coeff. |
4 |
||
KI |
\(K_I\) |
Potential circuit gain coeff. |
0.100 |
||
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LA3_y |
\(LA_{3 y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
LA1_y |
\(LA_{1 y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for over exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
Voltage compensation from PSS |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
SQE |
\(SQE\) |
Algeb |
Square of error after mul |
v_str |
|
VB_y |
\(VB_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
||
vd |
\(vd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine voltage |
||
vq |
\(vq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine voltage |
||
Id |
\(Id\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine current |
||
Iq |
\(Iq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine current |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
LA3_y |
\(LA_{3 y}\) |
State |
\(KA ue \left(- WF_{y} + vi\right)\) |
LA1_y |
\(LA_{1 y}\) |
State |
\(\frac{ue \left(HL_{zi} VB_{y} + HL_{zu} VBMAX\right)}{KE}\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(LA_{1 y}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + vb_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vref\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
SQE |
\(SQE\) |
Algeb |
\(VE^{2} - 0.6084 XadIfd^{2}\) |
VB_y |
\(VB_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(\operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( LA_{3 y} ue, \ SQE \leq 0\right),\left( ue \left(LA_{3 y} + \sqrt{SQE}\right), \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vd |
\(vd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vq |
\(vq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
Id |
\(Id\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
Iq |
\(Iq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LA3_y |
\(LA_{3 y}\) |
State |
\(KA ue \left(- WF_{y} + vi\right) - LA_{3 y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
LA1_y |
\(LA_{1 y}\) |
State |
\(- KE LA_{1 y} + ue \left(HL_{zi} VB_{y} + HL_{zu} VBMAX\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(LA_{1 y} - WF_{x}\) |
\(T_F\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(LA_{1 y} - vout\right)\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL + UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- OEL + OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
\(- Vs\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- LG_{y} + OEL + UEL + Vs - vi + vref\right)\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(KF \left(LA_{1 y} - WF_{x}\right) - TF WF_{y}\) |
SQE |
\(SQE\) |
Algeb |
\(- SQE + VE^{2} - 0.6084 XadIfd^{2}\) |
VB_y |
\(VB_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(- VB_{y} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( LA_{3 y} ue, \ SQE \leq 0\right),\left( ue \left(LA_{3 y} + \sqrt{SQE}\right), \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vd |
\(vd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vq |
\(vq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Id |
\(Id\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Iq |
\(Iq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
VE |
\(V_{E}\) |
\(\sqrt{Id^{2} KI^{2} + 2 Id KI KP vq + Iq^{2} KI^{2} - 2 Iq KI KP vd + KP^{2} vd^{2} + KP^{2} vq^{2}}\) |
VarService |
V40 |
\(V40\) |
\(\sqrt{VE^{2} - 0.6084 XadIfd^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
VR0 |
\(V_{R0}\) |
\(KE vf_{0} - V_{40}\) |
ConstService |
vb0 |
\(V_{b0}\) |
\(\frac{VR_{0}}{KA}\) |
ConstService |
VRMAXc |
\(VRMAXc\) |
\(VRMAX - 999 _zVRM + 999\) |
ConstService |
UEL0 |
\(UEL0\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
OEL0 |
\(OEL0\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
zeros |
\(zeros\) |
\(0.0\) |
ConstService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LA3_lim |
\(lim_{LA3}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
|
HL |
\(HL\) |
HardLimiter |
Hard limiter for VB |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Sensing delay |
LA3 |
\(LA3\) |
LagAntiWindup |
V_{R}, Lag Anti-Windup |
LA1 |
\(LA1\) |
Lag |
|
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
V_F, stablizing circuit feedback, washout |
VB |
\(VB\) |
Piecewise |
Config Fields in [IEEET3]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
ESAC1A#
Exciter ESAC1A.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
non_negative |
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
non_negative |
VAMAX |
\(V_{AMAX}\) |
V_A upper limit |
999 |
p.u. |
|
VAMIN |
\(V_{AMIN}\) |
V_A lower limit |
-999 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in regulator |
0.040 |
p.u. |
non_negative |
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Max. exc. limit (0-unlimited) |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Min. excitation limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
non_negative |
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
KD |
\(K_D\) |
Ifd feedback gain |
0 |
||
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Gain added to saturation |
1 |
||
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout time constant |
1 |
p.u. |
non_zero,non_negative |
Switch |
\(S_w\) |
Switch that PSS/E did not implement |
0 |
bool |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str,v_iter |
|
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for over exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
Voltage compensation from PSS |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
Input to FEX |
v_str,v_iter |
|
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str,v_iter |
|
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
HVG_y |
\(HVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
HVGate output |
v_str |
|
LVG_y |
\(LVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
LVGate output |
v_str |
|
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(vi\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y}\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(FEX_{y} INT_{y} - vf_{0}\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(VFE\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + \frac{VFE}{KA}\) |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
\(- IN INT_{y} + KC XadIfd\) |
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(- FEX_{y} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ IN \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 IN, \ IN \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - IN^{2}}, \ IN \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 IN, \ IN \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vref\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(vi\) |
HVG_y |
\(HVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{lt z0} UEL + HVG_{lt z1} LA_{y}\) |
LVG_y |
\(LVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{y} LVG_{lt z1} + LVG_{lt z0} OEL\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(SAT_{B} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(INT_{y} > SAT_{A} \right)}\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(INT_{y} KE + KD XadIfd + Se\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(- LL_{x} + vi\) |
\(T_B\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{y} - LA_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(ue \left(LVG_{y} - VFE\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(VFE - WF_{x}\) |
\(T_{F1}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(FEX_{y} INT_{y} ue - vout\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL + UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- OEL + OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
\(- Vs\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
IN |
\(IN\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- IN INT_{y} + KC XadIfd\right)\) |
FEX_y |
\(FEX_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(- FEX_{y} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ IN \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 IN, \ IN \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - IN^{2}}, \ IN \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 IN, \ IN \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- LG_{y} + OEL + UEL + Vs - vi + vref\right)\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TB - LL_{y} TB + TC \left(- LL_{x} + vi\right)\) |
HVG_y |
\(HVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{lt z0} UEL + HVG_{lt z1} LA_{y} - HVG_{y}\) |
LVG_y |
\(LVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{y} LVG_{lt z1} + LVG_{lt z0} OEL - LVG_{y}\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(SAT_{B} SL_{z0} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} - Se\right)\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(INT_{y} KE + KD XadIfd + Se - VFE\right)\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(KF \left(VFE - WF_{x}\right) - TF WF_{y}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
UEL0 |
\(UEL0\) |
\(-999\) |
ConstService |
OEL0 |
\(OEL0\) |
\(999\) |
ConstService |
VAMAXu |
\(VAMAXu\) |
\(VAMAX ue - 999 ue + 999\) |
ConstService |
VAMINu |
\(VAMINu\) |
\(VAMIN ue + 999 ue - 999\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2} - 2 SAT_{zSE2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(SE_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(- 2 SAT_{zSE2} + SE_{2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{SAT_{E1} SAT_{SE1}}{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(SAT_{E2} - \frac{SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}}{SAT_{a} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2} \left(SAT_{a} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
HVG_lt |
\(None_{HVG}\) |
LessThan |
|
LVG_lt |
\(None_{LVG}\) |
LessThan |
|
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
FEX |
\(FEX\) |
Piecewise |
Piecewise function FEX |
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
V_A, Lead-lag compensator |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
V_A, Anti-windup lag |
HVG |
\(HVG\) |
HVGate |
HVGate for under excitation |
LVG |
\(LVG\) |
LVGate |
HVGate for under excitation |
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
V_E, integrator |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
Stablizing circuit feedback |
Config Fields in [ESAC1A]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
ESST1A#
Exciter ESST1A model.
Reference:
[1] PowerWorld, Exciter ESST1A, [Online],
[2] NEPLAN, Exciters Models, [Online],
Available: https://www.powerworld.com/WebHelp/Content/TransientModels_HTML/Exciter%20ESST1A.htm
https://www.neplan.ch/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Nep_EXCITERS1.pdf
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
||
VIMAX |
\(V_{IMAX}\) |
Max. input voltage |
0.800 |
||
VIMIN |
\(V_{IMIN}\) |
Min. input voltage |
-0.100 |
||
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
||
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
||
TB1 |
\(T_{B1}\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag 1 |
1 |
||
TC1 |
\(T_{C1}\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag 1 |
1 |
||
VAMAX |
\(V_{AMAX}\) |
V_A upper limit |
999 |
p.u. |
|
VAMIN |
\(V_{AMIN}\) |
V_A lower limit |
-999 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in regulator |
0.040 |
||
ILR |
\(I_{LR}\) |
Exciter output current limite reference |
1 |
||
KLR |
\(K_{LR}\) |
Exciter output current limiter gain |
1 |
||
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum voltage regulator output limit |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum voltage regulator output limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_{F}\) |
Feedback washout time constant |
1 |
||
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
UELc |
\(UEL_c\) |
Alternate UEL inputs, input code 1-3 |
1 |
||
VOSc |
\(VOS_c\) |
Alternate Stabilizer inputs, input code 1-2 |
1 |
||
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LL1_x |
\(LL_{1 x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for over exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
Voltage compensation from PSS |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str,v_iter |
SG |
\(SG\) |
Algeb |
SG |
v_str |
|
LR_x |
\(LR_{x}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
LR_y |
\(LR_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str,v_iter |
vil_x |
\(vil_{x}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
vil_y |
\(vil_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
UEL2 |
\(UEL_{2}\) |
Algeb |
UEL_2 as HVG1 u1 |
v_str |
|
HVG1_y |
\(HVG_{1 y}\) |
Algeb |
HVGate output |
v_str |
|
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LL1_y |
\(LL_{1 y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
vas |
\(vas\) |
Algeb |
V_A after subtraction, as HVG u2 |
v_str,v_iter |
|
UEL3 |
\(UEL_{3}\) |
Algeb |
UEL_3 as HVG u1 |
v_str |
|
HVG_y |
\(HVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
HVGate output |
v_str |
|
LVG_y |
\(LVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
LVGate output |
v_str |
|
vol_x |
\(vol_{x}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
vol_y |
\(vol_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
||
vd |
\(vd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine voltage |
||
vq |
\(vq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine voltage |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(HVG_{1 y}\) |
LL1_x |
\(LL_{1 x}\) |
State |
\(LL_{y}\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{1 y}\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(LVG_{y}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- SG SWVOS_{s1} - SWUEL_{s1} UEL + v + \frac{LR_{y} - SG SWVOS_{s2} + vf_{0}}{KA}\right)\) |
SG |
\(SG\) |
Algeb |
\(SG_{0}\) |
LR_x |
\(LR_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(KLR \left(- ILR + XadIfd\right)\) |
LR_y |
\(LR_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LR_{lim zi} LR_{x} + LR_{lim zl} zero\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- LG_{y} + SG SWVOS_{s1} + SWUEL_{s1} UEL + Vs - WF_{y} + vref\right)\) |
vil_x |
\(vil_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(vi\) |
vil_y |
\(vil_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VIMAX vil_{lim zu} + VIMIN vil_{lim zl} + vil_{lim zi} vil_{x}\) |
UEL2 |
\(UEL_{2}\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(SWUEL_{s2} UEL + llim \left(1 - SWUEL_{s2}\right)\right)\) |
HVG1_y |
\(HVG_{1 y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{1 lt z0} UEL_{2} + HVG_{1 lt z1} vil_{y}\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{1 y}\) |
LL1_y |
\(LL_{1 y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{y}\) |
vas |
\(vas\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(LA_{y} - LR_{y} + SG SWVOS_{s2}\right)\) |
UEL3 |
\(UEL_{3}\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(SWUEL_{s3} UEL + llim \left(1 - SWUEL_{s3}\right)\right)\) |
HVG_y |
\(HVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{lt z0} UEL_{3} + HVG_{lt z1} vas\) |
LVG_y |
\(LVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{y} LVG_{lt z1} + LVG_{lt z0} OEL\) |
vol_x |
\(vol_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(LVG_{y}\) |
vol_y |
\(vol_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(efdl vol_{lim zl} + efdu vol_{lim zu} + vol_{lim zi} vol_{x}\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vd |
\(vd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vq |
\(vq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(LG_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LG_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(HVG_{1 y} - LL_{x}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LL1_x |
\(LL_{1 x}\) |
State |
\(- LL_{1 x} + LL_{y}\) |
\(T_{B1}\) |
LA_y |
\(LA_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA LL_{1 y} - LA_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(LVG_{y} - WF_{x}\) |
\(T_{F}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vol_{y} - vout\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL + UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- OEL + OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
\(- Vs\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
SG |
\(SG\) |
Algeb |
\(- SG + SG_{0}\) |
LR_x |
\(LR_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(KLR \left(- ILR + XadIfd\right) - LR_{x}\) |
LR_y |
\(LR_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LR_{lim zi} LR_{x} + LR_{lim zl} zero - LR_{y}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- LG_{y} + SG SWVOS_{s1} + SWUEL_{s1} UEL + Vs - WF_{y} + vref\right) - vi\) |
vil_x |
\(vil_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(vi - vil_{x}\) |
vil_y |
\(vil_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VIMAX vil_{lim zu} + VIMIN vil_{lim zl} + vil_{lim zi} vil_{x} - vil_{y}\) |
UEL2 |
\(UEL_{2}\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL_{2} + ue \left(SWUEL_{s2} UEL + llim \left(1 - SWUEL_{s2}\right)\right)\) |
HVG1_y |
\(HVG_{1 y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{1 lt z0} UEL_{2} + HVG_{1 lt z1} vil_{y} - HVG_{1 y}\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TB - LL_{y} TB + TC \left(HVG_{1 y} - LL_{x}\right)\) |
LL1_y |
\(LL_{1 y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{1 LT1 z1} LL_{1 LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{1 x} + LL_{1 y}\right) + LL_{1 x} TB_{1} - LL_{1 y} TB_{1} + TC_{1} \left(- LL_{1 x} + LL_{y}\right)\) |
vas |
\(vas\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(LA_{y} - LR_{y} + SG SWVOS_{s2}\right) - vas\) |
UEL3 |
\(UEL_{3}\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL_{3} + ue \left(SWUEL_{s3} UEL + llim \left(1 - SWUEL_{s3}\right)\right)\) |
HVG_y |
\(HVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{lt z0} UEL_{3} + HVG_{lt z1} vas - HVG_{y}\) |
LVG_y |
\(LVG_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{y} LVG_{lt z1} + LVG_{lt z0} OEL - LVG_{y}\) |
vol_x |
\(vol_{x}\) |
Algeb |
\(LVG_{y} - vol_{x}\) |
vol_y |
\(vol_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(efdl vol_{lim zl} + efdu vol_{lim zu} + vol_{lim zi} vol_{x} - vol_{y}\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(KF \left(LVG_{y} - WF_{x}\right) - TF WF_{y}\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vd |
\(vd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vq |
\(vq\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
UEL0 |
\(UEL0\) |
\(-999\) |
ConstService |
OEL0 |
\(OEL0\) |
\(999\) |
ConstService |
ulim |
\(ulim\) |
\(9999\) |
ConstService |
llim |
\(llim\) |
\(-9999\) |
ConstService |
SG0 |
\(SG0\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
zero |
\(zero\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
VA0 |
\(V_{A0}\) |
\(LR_{y} - SG SWVOS_{s2} + vf_{0}\) |
PostInitService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
efdu |
\(efd_{u}\) |
\(- KC XadIfd + VRMAX \sqrt{vd^{2} + vq^{2}}\) |
VarService |
efdl |
\(efd_{l}\) |
\(VRMIN \sqrt{vd^{2} + vq^{2}}\) |
VarService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
SWUEL |
\(SW_{UEL}\) |
Switcher |
|
SWVOS |
\(SW_{VOS}\) |
Switcher |
|
LR_lim |
\(lim_{LR}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
vil_lim |
\(lim_{vil}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
HVG1_lt |
\(None_{HVG1}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL1_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL1}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL1_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL1}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
HVG_lt |
\(None_{HVG}\) |
LessThan |
|
LVG_lt |
\(None_{LVG}\) |
LessThan |
|
vol_lim |
\(lim_{vol}\) |
HardLimiter |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
LR |
\(LR\) |
GainLimiter |
Exciter output current gain limiter |
vil |
\(vil\) |
GainLimiter |
Exciter voltage input limiter |
HVG1 |
\(HVG1\) |
HVGate |
HVGate after V_I |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag compensator |
LL1 |
\(LL1\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag compensator 1 |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
V_A, Anti-windup lag |
HVG |
\(HVG\) |
HVGate |
HVGate for under excitation |
LVG |
\(LVG\) |
LVGate |
HVGate for over excitation |
vol |
\(vol\) |
GainLimiter |
Exciter output limiter |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
V_F, Stablizing circuit feedback |
Config Fields in [ESST1A]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
ESAC5A#
Exciter ESAC5A.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing Time Constant |
0.010 |
p.u |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Voltage Regulator Time Constant |
0.040 |
p.u |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Voltage Regulator Gain |
80 |
||
VRMIN |
\(V_Rmin\) |
V_R lower limit |
-7.300 |
p.u |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_Rmax\) |
V_R upper limit |
7.300 |
p.u |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Integrator Time Constant |
0.800 |
p.u |
non_negative |
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback Gain |
0.030 |
||
TF1 |
\(T_F_1\) |
Lag Time Constant |
1 |
p.u |
|
TF2 |
\(T_F_2\) |
Lead-Lag Time Constant (pole) |
0.800 |
p.u |
|
TF3 |
\(T_F_3\) |
Lead-Lag Time Constant (zero) |
1 |
p.u |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Exciter Feedback Gain |
1 |
||
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_E1\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_E2\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LP_y |
\(LP_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
VR_y |
\(VR_{y}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for over exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
Voltage compensation from PSS |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
Total voltage input |
pu |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
|---|---|---|---|
LP_y |
\(LP_{y}\) |
State |
\(v\) |
VR_y |
\(VR_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA vi\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(VR_{y}\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(LL_{y}\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(vf_{0}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(ue vf_{0}\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(v + \frac{VFE}{KA}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- v + vref\right)\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(VR_{y}\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(SAT_{B} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(INT_{y} > SAT_{A} \right)}\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(INT_{y} KE + Se\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LP_y |
\(LP_{y}\) |
State |
\(- LP_{y} + v\) |
\(T_R\) |
VR_y |
\(VR_{y}\) |
State |
\(KA vi - VR_{y}\) |
\(T_A\) |
LL_x |
\(LL_{x}\) |
State |
\(- LL_{x} + VR_{y}\) |
\(T_F_2\) |
WF_x |
\(WF_{x}\) |
State |
\(LL_{y} - WF_{x}\) |
\(T_F_1\) |
INT_y |
\(INT_{y}\) |
State |
\(ue \left(- VFE + VR_{y}\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
|---|---|---|---|
v |
\(v\) |
Algeb |
\(- v + vbus\) |
vout |
\(vout\) |
Algeb |
\(INT_{y} ue - vout\) |
UEL |
\(UEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL + UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(OEL\) |
Algeb |
\(- OEL + OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(Vs\) |
Algeb |
\(- Vs\) |
vref |
\(vref\) |
Algeb |
\(- vref + vref_{0}\) |
vi |
\(vi\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(- LP_{y} + Vs - WF_{y} + vref\right) - vi\) |
LL_y |
\(LL_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- LL_{x} + LL_{y}\right) + LL_{x} TF_{2} - LL_{y} TF_{2} + TF_{3} \left(- LL_{x} + VR_{y}\right)\) |
WF_y |
\(WF_{y}\) |
Algeb |
\(KF \left(LL_{y} - WF_{x}\right) - TF_{1} WF_{y}\) |
Se |
\(Se\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(SAT_{B} SL_{z0} \left(INT_{y} - SAT_{A}\right)^{2} - Se\right)\) |
VFE |
\(VFE\) |
Algeb |
\(ue \left(INT_{y} KE + Se - VFE\right)\) |
vf |
\(vf\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(ue \left(- vf_{0} + vout\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(XadIfd\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(a\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(vbus\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
|---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u ug\) |
ConstService |
UEL0 |
\(UEL0\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
OEL0 |
\(OEL0\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
VRMAXu |
\(VRMAXu\) |
\(VRMAX ue - 999 ue + 999\) |
ConstService |
VRMINu |
\(VRMINu\) |
\(VRMIN ue + 999 ue - 999\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2} - 2 SAT_{zSE2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(SE_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(- 2 SAT_{zSE2} + SE_{2} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{SAT_{E1} SAT_{SE1}}{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{SE2} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(SAT_{E2} - \frac{SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}}{SAT_{a} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{SAT_{E2} SAT_{SE2} \left(SAT_{a} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SAT_{a} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(SAT_{E1} - SAT_{E2}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(vref\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
VR_lim |
\(lim_{VR}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
|---|---|---|---|
LP |
\(LP\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
VR |
\(VR\) |
LagAntiWindup |
|
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
|
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
|
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
V_E, integrator |
Config Fields in [ESAC5A]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |