Exciter#
Exciter group for synchronous generators.
Common Parameters: u, name, syn
Common Variables: vout, vi
Available models: EXDC2, IEEEX1, ESDC2A, EXST1, ESST3A, SEXS, IEEET1, EXAC1, EXAC4, ESST4B, AC8B, IEEET3, ESAC1A, ESST1A
EXDC2#
EXDC2 model.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in anti-windup lag |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
|
TF1 |
\(T_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout time constant |
1 |
p.u. |
non_zero |
KF1 |
\(K_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout gain |
0.030 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Gain in anti-windup lag TF |
40 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Gain added to saturation |
1 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum excitation limit |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum excitation limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
vp |
\(V_{p}\) |
State |
Voltage after saturation feedback, before speed term |
p.u. |
v_str |
LS_y |
\(y_{LS}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
W_x |
\(x'_{W}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
Se |
\(S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
W_y |
\(y_{W}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
vp |
\(V_{p}\) |
State |
\(v_{f0}\) |
LS_y |
\(y_{LS}\) |
State |
\(1.0 E_{term}\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i}\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL}\) |
W_x |
\(x'_{W}\) |
State |
\(V_{p}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(E_{term} + V_{b0}\) |
Se |
\(S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(S_{e0}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{b0}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i}\) |
W_y |
\(y_{W}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
vp |
\(V_{p}\) |
State |
\(u_{e} \left(- K_{E} V_{p} - S_e(|V_{out}|) V_{p} + y_{LA}\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
LS_y |
\(y_{LS}\) |
State |
\(1.0 E_{term} - y_{LS}\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i} - x'_{LL}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL} - y_{LA}\) |
\(T_A\) |
W_x |
\(x'_{W}\) |
State |
\(V_{p} - x'_{W}\) |
\(T_{F1}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{p} \omega u_{e} - v_{out}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
Se |
\(S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(B^q_{SAT} z_{0}^{SL} \left(- A^q_{SAT} + V_{p}\right)^{2} - S_e(|V_{out}|) V_{p}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{i} + V_{ref} - y_{LS} - y_{W}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- x'_{LL} + y_{LL}\right) + T_{B} x'_{LL} - T_{B} y_{LL} + T_{C} \left(V_{i} - x'_{LL}\right)\) |
W_y |
\(y_{W}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{F1} \left(V_{p} - x'_{W}\right) - T_{F1} y_{W}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E2} - 2 z^{SE2}_{SAT} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} SE^{1c}_{SAT}}{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT} - \frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}}{a_{SAT} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT} \left(a_{SAT} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
Se0 |
\(S_{e0}\) |
\(\frac{B^q_{SAT} \left(A^q_{SAT} - v_{f0}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(v_{f0} > A^q_{SAT} \right)}}{- u_{g} + v_{f0} + 1}\) |
ConstService |
vr0 |
\(V_{r0}\) |
\(v_{f0} \left(K_{E} + S_{e0}\right)\) |
ConstService |
vb0 |
\(V_{b0}\) |
\(\frac{V_{r0}}{K_{A}}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(V_{ref}\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
LS |
\(LS\) |
Lag |
Sensing lag TF |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag for internal delays |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Anti-windup lag |
W |
\(W\) |
Washout |
Signal conditioner |
Config Fields in [EXDC2]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
IEEEX1#
IEEEX1 Type 1 exciter (DC)
Derived from EXDC2 by varying the limiter bounds.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in anti-windup lag |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
|
TF1 |
\(T_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout time constant |
1 |
p.u. |
non_zero |
KF1 |
\(K_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout gain |
0.030 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Gain in anti-windup lag TF |
40 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Gain added to saturation |
1 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum excitation limit |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum excitation limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
vp |
\(V_{p}\) |
State |
Voltage after saturation feedback, before speed term |
p.u. |
v_str |
LS_y |
\(y_{LS}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
W_x |
\(x'_{W}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
Se |
\(S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
W_y |
\(y_{W}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
vp |
\(V_{p}\) |
State |
\(v_{f0}\) |
LS_y |
\(y_{LS}\) |
State |
\(1.0 E_{term}\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i}\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL}\) |
W_x |
\(x'_{W}\) |
State |
\(V_{p}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(E_{term} + V_{b0}\) |
Se |
\(S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(S_{e0}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{b0}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i}\) |
W_y |
\(y_{W}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
vp |
\(V_{p}\) |
State |
\(u_{e} \left(- K_{E} V_{p} - S_e(|V_{out}|) V_{p} + y_{LA}\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
LS_y |
\(y_{LS}\) |
State |
\(1.0 E_{term} - y_{LS}\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i} - x'_{LL}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL} - y_{LA}\) |
\(T_A\) |
W_x |
\(x'_{W}\) |
State |
\(V_{p} - x'_{W}\) |
\(T_{F1}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{p} u_{e} - v_{out}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
Se |
\(S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(B^q_{SAT} z_{0}^{SL} \left(- A^q_{SAT} + V_{p}\right)^{2} - S_e(|V_{out}|) V_{p}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{i} + V_{ref} - y_{LS} - y_{W}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- x'_{LL} + y_{LL}\right) + T_{B} x'_{LL} - T_{B} y_{LL} + T_{C} \left(V_{i} - x'_{LL}\right)\) |
W_y |
\(y_{W}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{F1} \left(V_{p} - x'_{W}\right) - T_{F1} y_{W}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E2} - 2 z^{SE2}_{SAT} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} SE^{1c}_{SAT}}{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT} - \frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}}{a_{SAT} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT} \left(a_{SAT} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
Se0 |
\(S_{e0}\) |
\(\frac{B^q_{SAT} \left(A^q_{SAT} - v_{f0}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(v_{f0} > A^q_{SAT} \right)}}{- u_{g} + v_{f0} + 1}\) |
ConstService |
vr0 |
\(V_{r0}\) |
\(v_{f0} \left(K_{E} + S_{e0}\right)\) |
ConstService |
vb0 |
\(V_{b0}\) |
\(\frac{V_{r0}}{K_{A}}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(V_{ref}\) |
PostInitService |
VRTMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}V_T\) |
\(E_{term} V_{RMAX}\) |
VarService |
VRTMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}V_T\) |
\(E_{term} V_{RMIN}\) |
VarService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
LS |
\(LS\) |
Lag |
Sensing lag TF |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag for internal delays |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Anti-windup lag |
W |
\(W\) |
Washout |
Signal conditioner |
Config Fields in [IEEEX1]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
ESDC2A#
ESDC2A model.
This model is implemented as described in the PSS/E manual, except that the HVGate is not in use. Due to the HVGate and saturation function, the results are close to but different from TSAT.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in regulator |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Max. exc. limit (0-unlimited) |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Min. excitation limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Saturation feedback gain |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
|
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF1 |
\(T_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout time constant |
1 |
p.u. |
non_zero,non_negative |
Switch |
\(S_w\) |
Switch that PSS/E did not implement |
0 |
bool |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str |
|
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
HG_y |
\(y_{HG}\) |
Algeb |
HVGate output |
v_str |
|
Se |
\(V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term}\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i}\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL}\) |
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
\(v_{f0}\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(y_{INT}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(E_{term} + \frac{V_{FE0}}{K_{A}}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(\frac{V_{FE0}}{K_{A}}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i}\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
HG_y |
\(y_{HG}\) |
Algeb |
\(HG_{lt z0} U_{EL} + HG_{lt z1} y_{LL}\) |
Se |
\(V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(S_{e0}\) |
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{FE0}\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term} - y_{LG}\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i} - x'_{LL}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL} - y_{LA}\) |
\(T_A\) |
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
\(u_{e} \left(- V_{FE} + y_{LA}\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(- x'_{WF} + y_{INT}\) |
\(T_{F1}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(- v_{out} + y_{INT}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} - V_{i} + V_{ref} - y_{WF}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- x'_{LL} + y_{LL}\right) + T_{B} x'_{LL} - T_{B} y_{LL} + T_{C} \left(V_{i} - x'_{LL}\right)\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(- U_{EL}\) |
HG_y |
\(y_{HG}\) |
Algeb |
\(HG_{lt z0} U_{EL} + HG_{lt z1} y_{LL} - y_{HG}\) |
Se |
\(V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(B^q_{SAT} z_{0}^{SL} \left(- A^q_{SAT} + y_{INT}\right)^{2} - V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{E} y_{INT} - V_{FE} + V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{F} \left(- x'_{WF} + y_{INT}\right) - T_{F1} y_{WF}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
VRMAXc |
\(VRMAXc\) |
\(V_{RMAX} - 999 z_{VRMAX} + 999\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E2} - 2 z^{SE2}_{SAT} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} SE^{1c}_{SAT}}{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT} - \frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}}{a_{SAT} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT} \left(a_{SAT} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
Se0 |
\(S_{e0}\) |
\(B^q_{SAT} \left(A^q_{SAT} - v_{f0}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(v_{f0} > A^q_{SAT} \right)}\) |
ConstService |
vfe0 |
\(V_{FE0}\) |
\(K_{E} v_{f0} + S_{e0}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(V_{ref}\) |
PostInitService |
VRU |
\(V_T V_{RMAX}\) |
\(E_{term} VRMAXc\) |
VarService |
VRL |
\(V_T V_{RMIN}\) |
\(E_{term} V_{RMIN}\) |
VarService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
HG_lt |
\(None_{HG}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Transducer delay |
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag compensator |
HG |
\(HG\) |
HVGate |
HVGate for under excitation |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Anti-windup lag |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
Integrator |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
Feedback to input |
Config Fields in [ESDC2A]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
EXST1#
EXST1-type static excitation system.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Measurement delay |
0.010 |
||
VIMAX |
\(V_{IMAX}\) |
Max. input voltage |
0.200 |
||
VIMIN |
\(V_{IMIN}\) |
Min. input voltage |
0 |
||
TC |
\(T_C\) |
LL numerator |
1 |
||
TB |
\(T_B\) |
LL denominator |
1 |
||
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Regulator delay |
0.050 |
||
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Max. regulator output |
8 |
||
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Min. regulator output |
-3 |
||
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Coef. for Ifd |
0.200 |
||
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_F\) |
Feedback delay |
1 |
non_zero,non_negative |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LR_y |
\(y_{LR}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
vl |
\(V_{l}\) |
Algeb |
Input after limiter |
v_str |
|
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vfmax |
\(V_{fmax}\) |
Algeb |
Upper bound of output limiter |
v_str |
|
vfmin |
\(V_{fmin}\) |
Algeb |
Lower bound of output limiter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term}\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{l}\) |
LR_y |
\(y_{LR}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL}\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(y_{LR}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(E_{term} + \frac{v_{f0}}{K_{A}}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(\frac{v_{f0}}{K_{A}}\) |
vl |
\(V_{l}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i} z_{i}^{HLI} + V_{IMAX} z_{u}^{HLI} + V_{IMIN} z_{l}^{HLI}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{l}\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vfmax |
\(V_{fmax}\) |
Algeb |
\(- K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd} + V_{RMAX}\) |
vfmin |
\(V_{fmin}\) |
Algeb |
\(- K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd} + V_{RMIN}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term} - y_{LG}\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{l} - x'_{LL}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LR_y |
\(y_{LR}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL} - y_{LR}\) |
\(T_A\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(- x'_{WF} + y_{LR}\) |
\(T_F\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(V_{fmax} z_{u}^{HLR} + V_{fmin} z_{l}^{HLR} + y_{LR} z_{i}^{HLR}\right) - v_{out}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{i} + V_{ref} - y_{LG} - y_{WF}\) |
vl |
\(V_{l}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i} z_{i}^{HLI} - V_{l} + V_{IMAX} z_{u}^{HLI} + V_{IMIN} z_{l}^{HLI}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- x'_{LL} + y_{LL}\right) + T_{B} x'_{LL} - T_{B} y_{LL} + T_{C} \left(V_{l} - x'_{LL}\right)\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{F} \left(- x'_{WF} + y_{LR}\right) - T_{F} y_{WF}\) |
vfmax |
\(V_{fmax}\) |
Algeb |
\(- K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd} + V_{RMAX} - V_{fmax}\) |
vfmin |
\(V_{fmin}\) |
Algeb |
\(- K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd} + V_{RMIN} - V_{fmin}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(V_{ref}\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
HLI |
\(HLI\) |
HardLimiter |
Hard limiter on input |
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
HLR |
\(HLR\) |
HardLimiter |
Hard limiter on regulator output |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Sensing delay |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag compensator |
LR |
\(LR\) |
Lag |
Regulator |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
Stablizing circuit feedback |
Config Fields in [EXST1]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
ESST3A#
Static exciter type 3A model
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
VIMAX |
\(V_{IMAX}\) |
Max. input voltage |
0.800 |
||
VIMIN |
\(V_{IMIN}\) |
Min. input voltage |
-0.100 |
||
KM |
\(K_M\) |
Forward gain constant |
500 |
||
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
3 |
||
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
15 |
||
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Gain in anti-windup lag TF |
50 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in anti-windup lag |
0.100 |
||
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum excitation limit |
8 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum excitation limit |
0 |
p.u. |
|
KG |
\(K_G\) |
Feedback gain of inner field regulator |
1 |
||
KP |
\(K_P\) |
Potential circuit gain coeff. |
4 |
||
KI |
\(K_I\) |
Potential circuit gain coeff. |
0.100 |
||
VBMAX |
\(V_{BMAX}\) |
VB upper limit |
18 |
p.u. |
|
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
XL |
\(X_L\) |
Potential source reactance |
0.010 |
||
VGMAX |
\(V_{GMAX}\) |
VG upper limit |
4 |
p.u. |
|
THETAP |
\(\theta_P\) |
Rectifier firing angle |
0 |
degree |
|
TM |
\(K_C\) |
Inner field regulator forward time constant |
0.100 |
||
VMMAX |
\(V_{MMAX}\) |
Maximum VM limit |
1 |
p.u. |
|
VMMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum VM limit |
0.100 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LAW1_y |
\(y_{LAW1}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
LAW2_y |
\(y_{LAW2}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
Input to FEX |
v_str |
|
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str |
|
VB_x |
\(x_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
VB_y |
\(y_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
VG_x |
\(x_{VG}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
VG_y |
\(y_{VG}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
vrs |
\(V_{RS}\) |
Algeb |
VR subtract feedback VG |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
vil |
\(V_{il}\) |
Algeb |
Input voltage after limit |
v_str |
|
HG_y |
\(y_{HG}\) |
Algeb |
HVGate output |
v_str |
|
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
||
vd |
\(V_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine voltage |
||
vq |
\(V_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine voltage |
||
Id |
\(I_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine current |
||
Iq |
\(I_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine current |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term}\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(y_{HG}\) |
LAW1_y |
\(y_{LAW1}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL}\) |
LAW2_y |
\(y_{LAW2}\) |
State |
\(K_{M} V_{RS}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(U_{EL0}\) |
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
\(\operatorname{safe_{div}}{\left(K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd},V_{E} \right)}\) |
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
\(\operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ I_{N} \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - I_{N}^{2}}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
VB_x |
\(x_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{E} y_{FEX}\) |
VB_y |
\(y_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
\(VB_{lim zi} x_{VB} + VB_{lim zu} V_{BMAX}\) |
VG_x |
\(x_{VG}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{G} v_{out}\) |
VG_y |
\(y_{VG}\) |
Algeb |
\(VG_{lim zi} x_{VG} + VG_{lim zu} V_{GMAX}\) |
vrs |
\(V_{RS}\) |
Algeb |
\(\frac{\operatorname{safe_{div}}{\left(v_{f0},y_{VB} \right)}}{K_{M}}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(E_{term} + \frac{V_{RS} + y_{VG}}{K_{A}}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V_{ref}\) |
vil |
\(V_{il}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i} z_{i}^{HLI} + V_{IMAX} z_{u}^{HLI} + V_{IMIN} z_{l}^{HLI}\) |
HG_y |
\(y_{HG}\) |
Algeb |
\(HG_{lt z0} U_{EL} + HG_{lt z1} V_{il}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(y_{HG}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vd |
\(V_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vq |
\(V_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
Id |
\(I_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
Iq |
\(I_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term} - y_{LG}\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(- x'_{LL} + y_{HG}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LAW1_y |
\(y_{LAW1}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL} - y_{LAW1}\) |
\(T_A\) |
LAW2_y |
\(y_{LAW2}\) |
State |
\(K_{M} V_{RS} - y_{LAW2}\) |
\(K_C\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} y_{LAW2} y_{VB} - v_{out}\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(U_{EL0} - U_{EL}\) |
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- I_{N} V_{E} + K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd}\right)\) |
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
\(- y_{FEX} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ I_{N} \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - I_{N}^{2}}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
VB_x |
\(x_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{E} y_{FEX} - x_{VB}\) |
VB_y |
\(y_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
\(VB_{lim zi} x_{VB} + VB_{lim zu} V_{BMAX} - y_{VB}\) |
VG_x |
\(x_{VG}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{G} v_{out} - x_{VG}\) |
VG_y |
\(y_{VG}\) |
Algeb |
\(VG_{lim zi} x_{VG} + VG_{lim zu} V_{GMAX} - y_{VG}\) |
vrs |
\(V_{RS}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{RS} + y_{LAW1} - y_{VG}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{i} + V_{ref} - y_{LG}\) |
vil |
\(V_{il}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i} z_{i}^{HLI} + V_{IMAX} z_{u}^{HLI} + V_{IMIN} z_{l}^{HLI} - V_{il}\) |
HG_y |
\(y_{HG}\) |
Algeb |
\(HG_{lt z0} U_{EL} + HG_{lt z1} V_{il} - y_{HG}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- x'_{LL} + y_{LL}\right) + T_{B} x'_{LL} - T_{B} y_{LL} + T_{C} \left(- x'_{LL} + y_{HG}\right)\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vd |
\(V_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vq |
\(V_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Id |
\(I_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Iq |
\(I_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
KPC |
\(K_{PC}\) |
\(K_{P} e^{i \operatorname{radians}{\left(\theta_{P} \right)}}\) |
ConstService |
UEL0 |
\(U_{EL0}\) |
\(-9999\) |
ConstService |
VE |
\(V_E\) |
\(\left|{K_{PC} \left(V_{d} + i V_{q}\right) + i \left(I_{d} + i I_{q}\right) \left(K_{I} + K_{PC} X_{L}\right)}\right|\) |
VarService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(V_{ref}\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
VB_lim |
\(lim_{VB}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
VG_lim |
\(lim_{VG}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
HG_lt |
\(None_{HG}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LAW1_lim |
\(lim_{LAW1}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
HLI |
\(HLI\) |
HardLimiter |
Input limiter |
LAW2_lim |
\(lim_{LAW2}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
FEX |
\(FEX\) |
Piecewise |
Piecewise function FEX |
VB |
\(VB\) |
GainLimiter |
VB with limiter |
VG |
\(VG\) |
GainLimiter |
Feedback gain with HL |
HG |
\(HG\) |
HVGate |
HVGate for under excitation |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Regulator |
LAW1 |
\(LAW1\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Lag AW on VR |
LAW2 |
\(LAW2\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Lag AW on VM |
Config Fields in [ESST3A]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
SEXS#
Simplified Excitation System
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TATB |
\(T_A/T_B\) |
Time constant TA/TB |
0.400 |
||
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Time constant TB in LL |
5 |
||
K |
\(K\) |
Gain |
20 |
non_zero |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
AW Lag time constant |
1 |
||
EMIN |
\(E_{MIN}\) |
lower limit |
-99 |
||
EMAX |
\(E_{MAX}\) |
upper limit |
99 |
||
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LAW_y |
\(y_{LAW}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i}\) |
LAW_y |
\(y_{LAW}\) |
State |
\(K y_{LL}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(E_{term} + \frac{v_{f0}}{K}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(\frac{v_{f0}}{K}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i} - x'_{LL}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LAW_y |
\(y_{LAW}\) |
State |
\(K y_{LL} - y_{LAW}\) |
\(T_E\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} y_{LAW} - v_{out}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} - V_{i} + V_{ref}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- x'_{LL} + y_{LL}\right) + TA \left(V_{i} - x'_{LL}\right) + T_{B} x'_{LL} - T_{B} y_{LL}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
TA |
\(TA\) |
\(T_{A/T B} T_{B}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(V_{ref}\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LAW_lim |
\(lim_{LAW}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
|
LAW |
\(LAW\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Config Fields in [SEXS]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
IEEET1#
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.020 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
5 |
p.u. |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in anti-windup lag |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum excitation limit |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum excitation limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Gain added to saturation |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
|
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_F\) |
Feedback delay |
1 |
non_zero,non_negative |
|
Switch |
\(S_w\) |
Switch unused in PSS/E |
0 |
bool |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str |
|
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
Se |
\(S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term}\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} u_{e} \left(V_{i} - y_{WF}\right)\) |
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
\(v_{f0}\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(v_{out}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(E_{term} + V_{b0}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V_{ref}\) |
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{FE0}\) |
Se |
\(S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(S_{e0}\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term} - y_{LG}\) |
\(T_R\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} u_{e} \left(V_{i} - y_{WF}\right) - y_{LA}\) |
\(T_A\) |
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
\(u_{e} \left(- V_{FE} + y_{LA}\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(v_{out} - x'_{WF}\) |
\(T_F\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{out} + y_{INT}\right)\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- V_{i} + V_{ref} - y_{LG}\right)\) |
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(K_{E} y_{INT} + S_e(|V_{out}|) - V_{FE}\right)\) |
Se |
\(S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(B^q_{SAT} z_{0}^{SL} \left(- A^q_{SAT} + y_{INT}\right)^{2} - S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{F} \left(v_{out} - x'_{WF}\right) - T_{F} y_{WF}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
VRMAXc |
\(VRMAXc\) |
\(V_{RMAX} - 999 z_{VRMAX} + 999\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E2} - 2 z^{SE2}_{SAT} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} SE^{1c}_{SAT}}{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT} - \frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}}{a_{SAT} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT} \left(a_{SAT} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
Se0 |
\(S_{e0}\) |
\(B^q_{SAT} \left(A^q_{SAT} - v_{f0}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(v_{f0} > A^q_{SAT} \right)}\) |
ConstService |
vr0 |
\(V_{r0}\) |
\(K_{E} v_{f0} + S_{e0}\) |
ConstService |
vb0 |
\(V_{b0}\) |
\(\frac{V_{r0}}{K_{A}}\) |
ConstService |
vfe0 |
\(V_{FE0}\) |
\(K_{E} v_{f0} + S_{e0}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(V_{ref}\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Sensing delay |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Anti-windup lag |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
Integrator |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
Stablizing circuit feedback |
Config Fields in [IEEET1]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
EXAC1#
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in regulator |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum excitation limit |
8 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum excitation limit |
0 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
|
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_F\) |
Feedback delay |
1 |
non_zero,non_negative |
|
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
KD |
\(K_C\) |
Ifd feedback gain |
0 |
||
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Saturation feedback gain |
1 |
p.u. |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str,v_iter |
|
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
Input to FEX |
v_str,v_iter |
|
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str,v_iter |
|
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
Se |
\(V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term}\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i}\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL}\) |
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
\(- v_{f0} + y_{FEX} y_{INT}\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(V_{FE}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
\(- I_{N} y_{INT} + K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
\(- y_{FEX} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ I_{N} \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - I_{N}^{2}}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V_{ref}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i}\) |
Se |
\(V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(B^q_{SAT} \left(- A^q_{SAT} + y_{INT}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(y_{INT} > A^q_{SAT} \right)}\) |
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd} + K_{E} y_{INT} + V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(E_{term} + \frac{V_{FE}}{K_{A}}\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term} - y_{LG}\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i} - x'_{LL}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL} - y_{LA}\) |
\(T_A\) |
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
\(u_{e} \left(- V_{FE} + y_{LA}\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(V_{FE} - x'_{WF}\) |
\(T_F\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{out} + y_{FEX} y_{INT}\right)\) |
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- I_{N} y_{INT} + K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd}\right)\) |
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
\(- y_{FEX} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ I_{N} \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - I_{N}^{2}}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- E_{term} - V_{i} + V_{ref} - y_{WF}\right)\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- x'_{LL} + y_{LL}\right) + T_{B} x'_{LL} - T_{B} y_{LL} + T_{C} \left(V_{i} - x'_{LL}\right)\) |
Se |
\(V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(B^q_{SAT} z_{0}^{SL} \left(- A^q_{SAT} + y_{INT}\right)^{2} - V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\right)\) |
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd} + K_{E} y_{INT} - V_{FE} + V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\right)\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{F} \left(V_{FE} - x'_{WF}\right) - T_{F} y_{WF}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E2} - 2 z^{SE2}_{SAT} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} SE^{1c}_{SAT}}{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT} - \frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}}{a_{SAT} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT} \left(a_{SAT} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(V_{ref}\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
FEX |
\(FEX\) |
Piecewise |
Piecewise function FEX |
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Regulator |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
Lag AW on VR |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
Integrator |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
Stablizing circuit feedback |
Config Fields in [EXAC1]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
EXAC4#
IEEE Type AC4 excitation system model.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
VIMAX |
\(V_{IMAX}\) |
Max. input voltage |
5 |
||
VIMIN |
\(V_{IMIN}\) |
Min. input voltage |
-0.100 |
||
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in regulator |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum excitation limit |
8 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum excitation limit |
0 |
p.u. |
|
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Reactive power compensation gain |
0 |
||
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LR_y |
\(y_{LR}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
vfmax |
\(V_{fmax}\) |
Algeb |
Upper bound of output limiter |
v_str |
|
vfmin |
\(V_{fmin}\) |
Algeb |
Lower bound of output limiter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term}\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i} z_{i}^{HLI} + V_{IMAX} z_{u}^{HLI} + V_{IMIN} z_{l}^{HLI}\) |
LR_y |
\(y_{LR}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(\frac{v_{f0}}{K_{A}}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i} z_{i}^{HLI} + V_{IMAX} z_{u}^{HLI} + V_{IMIN} z_{l}^{HLI}\) |
vfmax |
\(V_{fmax}\) |
Algeb |
\(- K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd} + V_{RMAX}\) |
vfmin |
\(V_{fmin}\) |
Algeb |
\(- K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd} + V_{RMIN}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term} - y_{LG}\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i} z_{i}^{HLI} + V_{IMAX} z_{u}^{HLI} + V_{IMIN} z_{l}^{HLI} - x'_{LL}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LR_y |
\(y_{LR}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL} - y_{LR}\) |
\(T_A\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(V_{fmax} z_{u}^{HLR} + V_{fmin} z_{l}^{HLR} + y_{LR} z_{i}^{HLR}\right) - v_{out}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{i} + V_{ref0} - y_{LG}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- x'_{LL} + y_{LL}\right) + T_{B} x'_{LL} - T_{B} y_{LL} + T_{C} \left(V_{i} z_{i}^{HLI} + V_{IMAX} z_{u}^{HLI} + V_{IMIN} z_{l}^{HLI} - x'_{LL}\right)\) |
vfmax |
\(V_{fmax}\) |
Algeb |
\(- K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd} + V_{RMAX} - V_{fmax}\) |
vfmin |
\(V_{fmin}\) |
Algeb |
\(- K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd} + V_{RMIN} - V_{fmin}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(E_{term} + \frac{v_{f0}}{K_{A}}\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
HLI |
\(HLI\) |
HardLimiter |
Hard limiter on input |
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
HLR |
\(HLR\) |
HardLimiter |
Hard limiter on regulator output |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Sensing delay |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag compensator |
LR |
\(LR\) |
Lag |
Regulator |
Config Fields in [EXAC4]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
ESST4B#
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
KPR |
\(K_{PR}\) |
Proportional gain 1 |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KIR |
\(K_{IR}\) |
Integral gain 1 |
0 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum regulator limit |
8 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum regulator limit |
0 |
p.u. |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant |
0.100 |
||
KPM |
\(K_{PM}\) |
Proportional gain 2 |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KIM |
\(K_{IM}\) |
Integral gain 2 |
0 |
p.u. |
|
VMMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum inner loop limit |
8 |
p.u. |
|
VMMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum inner loop limit |
0 |
p.u. |
|
KG |
\(K_G\) |
Feedback gain of inner field regulator |
1 |
||
KP |
\(K_P\) |
Potential circuit gain coeff. |
4 |
||
KI |
\(K_I\) |
Potential circuit gain coeff. |
0.100 |
||
VBMAX |
\(V_{BMAX}\) |
VB upper limit |
18 |
p.u. |
|
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
XL |
\(X_L\) |
Potential source reactance |
0.010 |
||
THETAP |
\(\theta_P\) |
Rectifier firing angle |
0 |
degree |
|
VGMAX |
\(V_{GMAX}\) |
VG upper limit |
20 |
p.u. |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
PI1_xi |
\(xi_{PI1}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
PI2_xi |
\(xi_{PI2}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
Input to FEX |
v_str |
|
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str |
|
VB_x |
\(x_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
VB_y |
\(y_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
VG_x |
\(x_{VG}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
VG_y |
\(y_{VG}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
PI1_ys |
\(ys_{PI1}\) |
Algeb |
PI summation before limit |
v_str |
|
PI1_y |
\(y_{PI1}\) |
Algeb |
PI output |
v_str |
|
PI2_ys |
\(ys_{PI2}\) |
Algeb |
PI summation before limit |
v_str |
|
PI2_y |
\(y_{PI2}\) |
Algeb |
PI output |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
||
vd |
\(V_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine voltage |
||
vq |
\(V_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine voltage |
||
Id |
\(I_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine current |
||
Iq |
\(I_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine current |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term}\) |
PI1_xi |
\(xi_{PI1}\) |
State |
\(y_{VG}\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(1.0 y_{PI1}\) |
PI2_xi |
\(xi_{PI2}\) |
State |
\(\operatorname{safe_{div}}{\left(v_{f0},y_{VB} \right)}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
\(\operatorname{safe_{div}}{\left(K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd},V_{E} \right)}\) |
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
\(\operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ I_{N} \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - I_{N}^{2}}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
VB_x |
\(x_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{E} y_{FEX}\) |
VB_y |
\(y_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
\(VB_{lim zi} x_{VB} + VB_{lim zu} V_{BMAX}\) |
VG_x |
\(x_{VG}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{G} v_{out}\) |
VG_y |
\(y_{VG}\) |
Algeb |
\(VG_{lim zi} x_{VG} + VG_{lim zu} V_{GMAX}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(E_{term}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V_{ref}\) |
PI1_ys |
\(ys_{PI1}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{PR} V_{i} + y_{VG}\) |
PI1_y |
\(y_{PI1}\) |
Algeb |
\(\pi_{1 lim zi} ys_{PI1} + \pi_{1 lim zl} V_{RMIN} + \pi_{1 lim zu} V_{RMAX}\) |
PI2_ys |
\(ys_{PI2}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{PM} \left(y_{LA} - y_{VG}\right) + \operatorname{safe_{div}}{\left(v_{f0},y_{VB} \right)}\) |
PI2_y |
\(y_{PI2}\) |
Algeb |
\(\pi_{2 lim zi} ys_{PI2} + \pi_{2 lim zl} V_{RMIN} + \pi_{2 lim zu} V_{RMAX}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vd |
\(V_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vq |
\(V_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
Id |
\(I_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
Iq |
\(I_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term} - y_{LG}\) |
\(T_R\) |
PI1_xi |
\(xi_{PI1}\) |
State |
\(K_{IR} \left(V_{i} + 2 y_{PI1} - 2 ys_{PI1}\right)\) |
|
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(- y_{LA} + 1.0 y_{PI1}\) |
\(T_A\) |
PI2_xi |
\(xi_{PI2}\) |
State |
\(K_{IM} \left(y_{LA} + 2 y_{PI2} - y_{VG} - 2 ys_{PI2}\right)\) |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} y_{PI2} y_{VB} - v_{out}\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(- U_{EL}\) |
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- I_{N} V_{E} + K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd}\right)\) |
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
\(- y_{FEX} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ I_{N} \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - I_{N}^{2}}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
VB_x |
\(x_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{E} y_{FEX} - x_{VB}\) |
VB_y |
\(y_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
\(VB_{lim zi} x_{VB} + VB_{lim zu} V_{BMAX} - y_{VB}\) |
VG_x |
\(x_{VG}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{G} v_{out} - x_{VG}\) |
VG_y |
\(y_{VG}\) |
Algeb |
\(VG_{lim zi} x_{VG} + VG_{lim zu} V_{GMAX} - y_{VG}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{i} + V_{ref} - y_{LG}\) |
PI1_ys |
\(ys_{PI1}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{PR} V_{i} + xi_{PI1} - ys_{PI1}\) |
PI1_y |
\(y_{PI1}\) |
Algeb |
\(\pi_{1 lim zi} ys_{PI1} + \pi_{1 lim zl} V_{RMIN} + \pi_{1 lim zu} V_{RMAX} - y_{PI1}\) |
PI2_ys |
\(ys_{PI2}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{PM} \left(y_{LA} - y_{VG}\right) + xi_{PI2} - ys_{PI2}\) |
PI2_y |
\(y_{PI2}\) |
Algeb |
\(\pi_{2 lim zi} ys_{PI2} + \pi_{2 lim zl} V_{RMIN} + \pi_{2 lim zu} V_{RMAX} - y_{PI2}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vd |
\(V_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vq |
\(V_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Id |
\(I_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Iq |
\(I_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
KPC |
\(K_{PC}\) |
\(K_{P} e^{i \operatorname{radians}{\left(\theta_{P} \right)}}\) |
ConstService |
VE |
\(V_E\) |
\(\left|{K_{PC} \left(V_{d} + i V_{q}\right) + i \left(I_{d} + i I_{q}\right) \left(K_{I} + K_{PC} X_{L}\right)}\right|\) |
VarService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(V_{ref}\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
VB_lim |
\(lim_{VB}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
VG_lim |
\(lim_{VG}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
PI1_lim |
\(lim_{PI1}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
PI2_lim |
\(lim_{PI2}\) |
HardLimiter |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
FEX |
\(FEX\) |
Piecewise |
Piecewise function FEX |
VB |
\(VB\) |
GainLimiter |
VB with limiter |
VG |
\(VG\) |
GainLimiter |
Feedback gain with HL |
PI1 |
\(PI1\) |
PITrackAW |
|
LA |
\(LA\) |
Lag |
Regulation delay |
PI2 |
\(PI2\) |
PITrackAW |
Config Fields in [ESST4B]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
|
ksr |
\(K_{sr}\) |
2 |
Tracking gain for outer PI controller |
|
ksm |
\(K_{sm}\) |
2 |
Tracking gain for inner PI controller |
AC8B#
Exciter AC8B model.
- 1
Powerworld, Exciter AC8B, [Online], Available: https://www.powerworld.com/WebHelp/Content/TransientModels_HTML/Exciter%20AC8B.htm
- 2
NEPLAN, Exciters Models, [Online], Available: https://www.neplan.ch/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Nep_EXCITERS1.pdf
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
kP |
\(k_P\) |
PID proportional coeff. |
10 |
||
kI |
\(k_I\) |
PID integrative coeff. |
10 |
||
kD |
\(k_D\) |
PID derivative coeff. |
10 |
||
Td |
\(T_d\) |
PID derivative time constant. |
0.200 |
||
VPMAX |
\(V_{PMAX}\) |
PID maximum limit |
999 |
p.u. |
|
VPMIN |
\(V_{PMIN}\) |
PID minimum limit |
-999 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum regulator limit |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum regulator limit |
1 |
p.u. |
|
VFEMAX |
\(V_{FEMAX}\) |
Exciter field current limit |
999 |
p.u. |
|
VEMIN |
\(V_{EMIN}\) |
Minimum exciter voltage output |
-999 |
p.u. |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in anti-windup lag |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Gain in anti-windup lag TF |
40 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
|
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Gain added to saturation |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KD |
\(K_D\) |
Ifd feedback gain |
0 |
||
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
PID_xi |
\(xi_{PID}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str |
|
PID_WO_x |
\(x'_{PID\ {WO}_{PID}}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str,v_iter |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
Input to FEX |
v_str,v_iter |
|
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str,v_iter |
|
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
OEL |
\(O_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for over exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
Vs |
\(V_{s}\) |
Algeb |
Voltage compensation from PSS |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
PID_uin |
\(uin_{PID}\) |
Algeb |
PID input |
v_str |
|
PID_WO_y |
\(y_{PID\ {WO}_{PID}}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
PID_ys |
\(ys_{PID}\) |
Algeb |
PI summation before limit |
v_str |
|
PID_y |
\(y_{PID}\) |
Algeb |
PI output |
v_str |
|
Se |
\(V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term}\) |
PID_xi |
\(xi_{PID}\) |
State |
\(\frac{V_{FE}}{K_{A}}\) |
PID_WO_x |
\(x'_{PID\ {WO}_{PID}}\) |
State |
\(uin_{PID}\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{PID}\) |
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
\(- v_{f0} + y_{FEX} y_{INT}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
\(- I_{N} y_{INT} + K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
\(- y_{FEX} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ I_{N} \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - I_{N}^{2}}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(O_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(V_{s}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(E_{term}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V_{ref}\) |
PID_uin |
\(uin_{PID}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i}\) |
PID_WO_y |
\(y_{PID\ {WO}_{PID}}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
PID_ys |
\(ys_{PID}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i} k_{P} + \frac{V_{FE}}{K_{A}}\) |
PID_y |
\(y_{PID}\) |
Algeb |
\(PID_{lim zi} ys_{PID} + PID_{lim zl} V_{PMIN} + PID_{lim zu} V_{PMAX}\) |
Se |
\(V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(B^q_{SAT} \left(- A^q_{SAT} + y_{INT}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(y_{INT} > A^q_{SAT} \right)}\) |
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{D} X_{ad}I_{fd} + K_{E} y_{INT} + V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term} - y_{LG}\) |
\(T_R\) |
PID_xi |
\(xi_{PID}\) |
State |
\(k_{I} \left(V_{i} + 2 y_{PID} - 2 ys_{PID}\right)\) |
|
PID_WO_x |
\(x'_{PID\ {WO}_{PID}}\) |
State |
\(uin_{PID} - x'_{PID\ {WO}_{PID}}\) |
\(T_d\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{PID} - y_{LA}\) |
\(T_A\) |
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
\(u_{e} \left(- V_{FE} + y_{LA}\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{out} + y_{FEX} y_{INT}\right)\) |
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- I_{N} y_{INT} + K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd}\right)\) |
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
\(- y_{FEX} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ I_{N} \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - I_{N}^{2}}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0} - U_{EL}\) |
OEL |
\(O_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0} - O_{EL}\) |
Vs |
\(V_{s}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{s}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(O_{EL} + U_{EL} - V_{i} + V_{ref} + V_{s} - y_{LG}\right)\) |
PID_uin |
\(uin_{PID}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i} - uin_{PID}\) |
PID_WO_y |
\(y_{PID\ {WO}_{PID}}\) |
Algeb |
\(- T_{d} y_{PID\ {WO}_{PID}} + k_{D} \left(uin_{PID} - x'_{PID\ {WO}_{PID}}\right)\) |
PID_ys |
\(ys_{PID}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i} k_{P} + xi_{PID} + y_{PID\ {WO}_{PID}} - ys_{PID}\) |
PID_y |
\(y_{PID}\) |
Algeb |
\(PID_{lim zi} ys_{PID} + PID_{lim zl} V_{PMIN} + PID_{lim zu} V_{PMAX} - y_{PID}\) |
Se |
\(V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(B^q_{SAT} z_{0}^{SL} \left(- A^q_{SAT} + y_{INT}\right)^{2} - V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\right)\) |
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(K_{D} X_{ad}I_{fd} + K_{E} y_{INT} - V_{FE} + V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\right)\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
UEL0 |
\(UEL0\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
OEL0 |
\(OEL0\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E2} - 2 z^{SE2}_{SAT} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} SE^{1c}_{SAT}}{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT} - \frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}}{a_{SAT} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT} \left(a_{SAT} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(E_{term}\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
PID_lim |
\(lim_{PID}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
FEX |
\(FEX\) |
Piecewise |
Piecewise function FEX |
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
PID |
\(PID\) |
PIDTrackAW |
PID |
PID_WO |
\(PID\ {WO}_{PID}\) |
Washout |
Washout |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
V_{R}, Anti-windup lag |
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
V_E, integrator |
Config Fields in [AC8B]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
|
ks |
2 |
Tracking gain for PID controller |
IEEET3#
Exciter IEEET3.
Reference:
[1] PowerWorld, Exciter IEEET3, [Online],
[2] NEPLAN, Exciters Models, [Online],
Available:
https://www.powerworld.com/WebHelp/Content/TransientModels_HTML/Exciter%20IEEET3.htm
https://www.neplan.ch/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Nep_EXCITERS1.pdf
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.020 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
5 |
p.u. |
|
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in anti-windup lag |
0.040 |
p.u. |
|
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum regulator limit |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum regulator limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VBMAX |
\(V_{BMAX}\) |
VB upper limit |
18 |
p.u. |
|
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Exciter integrator constant |
1 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Exciter integrator time constant |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_F\) |
Feedback delay |
1 |
non_zero,non_negative |
|
KP |
\(K_P\) |
Potential circuit gain coeff. |
4 |
||
KI |
\(K_I\) |
Potential circuit gain coeff. |
0.100 |
||
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LA3_y |
\(y_{LA3}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
LA1_y |
\(y_{LA1}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
OEL |
\(O_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for over exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
Vs |
\(V_{s}\) |
Algeb |
Voltage compensation from PSS |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
SQE |
\(SQE\) |
Algeb |
Square of error after mul |
v_str |
|
VB_y |
\(y_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
||
vd |
\(V_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine voltage |
||
vq |
\(V_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine voltage |
||
Id |
\(I_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine current |
||
Iq |
\(I_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine current |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term}\) |
LA3_y |
\(y_{LA3}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} u_{e} \left(V_{i} - y_{WF}\right)\) |
LA1_y |
\(y_{LA1}\) |
State |
\(\frac{u_{e} \left(V_{BMAX} z_{u}^{HL} + y_{VB} z_{i}^{HL}\right)}{K_{E}}\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(y_{LA1}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(O_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(V_{s}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(E_{term} + V_{b0}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V_{ref}\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
SQE |
\(SQE\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{E}^{2} - 0.6084 X_{ad}I_{fd}^{2}\) |
VB_y |
\(y_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
\(\operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( u_{e} y_{LA3}, \ SQE \leq 0\right),\left( u_{e} \left(\sqrt{SQE} + y_{LA3}\right), \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vd |
\(V_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vq |
\(V_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
Id |
\(I_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
Iq |
\(I_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term} - y_{LG}\) |
\(T_R\) |
LA3_y |
\(y_{LA3}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} u_{e} \left(V_{i} - y_{WF}\right) - y_{LA3}\) |
\(T_A\) |
LA1_y |
\(y_{LA1}\) |
State |
\(- K_{E} y_{LA1} + u_{e} \left(V_{BMAX} z_{u}^{HL} + y_{VB} z_{i}^{HL}\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(- x'_{WF} + y_{LA1}\) |
\(T_F\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{out} + y_{LA1}\right)\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0} - U_{EL}\) |
OEL |
\(O_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0} - O_{EL}\) |
Vs |
\(V_{s}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{s}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(O_{EL} + U_{EL} - V_{i} + V_{ref} + V_{s} - y_{LG}\right)\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{F} \left(- x'_{WF} + y_{LA1}\right) - T_{F} y_{WF}\) |
SQE |
\(SQE\) |
Algeb |
\(- SQE + V_{E}^{2} - 0.6084 X_{ad}I_{fd}^{2}\) |
VB_y |
\(y_{VB}\) |
Algeb |
\(- y_{VB} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( u_{e} y_{LA3}, \ SQE \leq 0\right),\left( u_{e} \left(\sqrt{SQE} + y_{LA3}\right), \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vd |
\(V_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vq |
\(V_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Id |
\(I_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Iq |
\(I_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
VE |
\(V_{E}\) |
\(\left|{i K_{I} \left(I_{d} + i I_{q}\right) + K_{P} \left(V_{d} + i V_{q}\right)}\right|\) |
VarService |
V40 |
\(V40\) |
\(\sqrt{V_{E}^{2} - 0.6084 X_{ad}I_{fd}^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
VR0 |
\(V_{R0}\) |
\(K_{E} v_{f0} - V_{40}\) |
ConstService |
vb0 |
\(V_{b0}\) |
\(\frac{V_{R0}}{K_{A}}\) |
ConstService |
VRMAXc |
\(VRMAXc\) |
\(V_{RMAX} - 999 z_{VRMAX} + 999\) |
ConstService |
UEL0 |
\(UEL0\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
OEL0 |
\(OEL0\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(V_{ref}\) |
PostInitService |
zeros |
\(zeros\) |
\(0.0\) |
ConstService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LA3_lim |
\(lim_{LA3}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
|
HL |
\(HL\) |
HardLimiter |
Hard limiter for VB |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Sensing delay |
LA3 |
\(LA3\) |
LagAntiWindup |
V_{R}, Lag Anti-Windup |
LA1 |
\(LA1\) |
Lag |
|
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
V_F, stablizing circuit feedback, washout |
VB |
\(VB\) |
Piecewise |
Config Fields in [IEEET3]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
ESAC1A#
Exciter ESAC1A.
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
p.u. |
|
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
non_negative |
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
p.u. |
non_negative |
VAMAX |
\(V_{AMAX}\) |
V_A upper limit |
999 |
p.u. |
|
VAMIN |
\(V_{AMIN}\) |
V_A lower limit |
-999 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in regulator |
0.040 |
p.u. |
non_negative |
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Max. exc. limit (0-unlimited) |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Min. excitation limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
TE |
\(T_E\) |
Integrator time constant |
0.800 |
p.u. |
non_negative |
E1 |
\(E_1\) |
First saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
SE1 |
\(S_{E1}\) |
Value at first saturation point |
0 |
p.u. |
|
E2 |
\(E_2\) |
Second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
SE2 |
\(S_{E2}\) |
Value at second saturation point |
1 |
p.u. |
|
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
KD |
\(K_D\) |
Ifd feedback gain |
0 |
||
KE |
\(K_E\) |
Gain added to saturation |
1 |
||
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_{F1}\) |
Feedback washout time constant |
1 |
p.u. |
non_zero,non_negative |
Switch |
\(S_w\) |
Switch that PSS/E did not implement |
0 |
bool |
|
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
Integrator output |
v_str,v_iter |
|
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
OEL |
\(O_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for over exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
Vs |
\(V_{s}\) |
Algeb |
Voltage compensation from PSS |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str |
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
Input to FEX |
v_str,v_iter |
|
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
Output of piecewise |
v_str,v_iter |
|
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
HVG_y |
\(y_{HVG}\) |
Algeb |
HVGate output |
v_str |
|
LVG_y |
\(y_{LVG}\) |
Algeb |
LVGate output |
v_str |
|
Se |
\(V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
saturation output |
v_str |
|
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
Combined saturation feedback |
p.u. |
v_str |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term}\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i}\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL}\) |
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
\(- v_{f0} + y_{FEX} y_{INT}\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(V_{FE}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(O_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(V_{s}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(E_{term} + \frac{V_{FE}}{K_{A}}\) |
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
\(- I_{N} y_{INT} + K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
\(- y_{FEX} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ I_{N} \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - I_{N}^{2}}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V_{ref}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i}\) |
HVG_y |
\(y_{HVG}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{lt z0} U_{EL} + HVG_{lt z1} y_{LA}\) |
LVG_y |
\(y_{LVG}\) |
Algeb |
\(LVG_{lt z0} O_{EL} + LVG_{lt z1} y_{HVG}\) |
Se |
\(V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(B^q_{SAT} \left(- A^q_{SAT} + y_{INT}\right)^{2} \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(y_{INT} > A^q_{SAT} \right)}\) |
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{D} X_{ad}I_{fd} + K_{E} y_{INT} + V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term} - y_{LG}\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(V_{i} - x'_{LL}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL} - y_{LA}\) |
\(T_A\) |
INT_y |
\(y_{INT}\) |
State |
\(u_{e} \left(- V_{FE} + y_{LVG}\right)\) |
\(T_E\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(V_{FE} - x'_{WF}\) |
\(T_{F1}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} y_{FEX} y_{INT} - v_{out}\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0} - U_{EL}\) |
OEL |
\(O_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0} - O_{EL}\) |
Vs |
\(V_{s}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{s}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
IN |
\(I_{N}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- I_{N} y_{INT} + K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd}\right)\) |
FEX_y |
\(y_{FEX}\) |
Algeb |
\(- y_{FEX} + \operatorname{FixPiecewise}{\left(\left( 1, \ I_{N} \leq 0\right),\left( 1 - 0.577 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.433\right),\left( \sqrt{0.75 - I_{N}^{2}}, \ I_{N} \leq 0.75\right),\left( 1.732 - 1.732 I_{N}, \ I_{N} \leq 1\right),\left( 0, \ \text{True}\right) \right)}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(O_{EL} + U_{EL} - V_{i} + V_{ref} + V_{s} - y_{LG}\right)\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- x'_{LL} + y_{LL}\right) + T_{B} x'_{LL} - T_{B} y_{LL} + T_{C} \left(V_{i} - x'_{LL}\right)\) |
HVG_y |
\(y_{HVG}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{lt z0} U_{EL} + HVG_{lt z1} y_{LA} - y_{HVG}\) |
LVG_y |
\(y_{LVG}\) |
Algeb |
\(LVG_{lt z0} O_{EL} + LVG_{lt z1} y_{HVG} - y_{LVG}\) |
Se |
\(V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(B^q_{SAT} z_{0}^{SL} \left(- A^q_{SAT} + y_{INT}\right)^{2} - V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\right)\) |
VFE |
\(V_{FE}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(K_{D} X_{ad}I_{fd} + K_{E} y_{INT} - V_{FE} + V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)\right)\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{F} \left(V_{FE} - x'_{WF}\right) - T_{F1} y_{WF}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
UEL0 |
\(UEL0\) |
\(-999\) |
ConstService |
OEL0 |
\(OEL0\) |
\(999\) |
ConstService |
VAMAXu |
\(VAMAXu\) |
\(V_{AMAX} u_{e} - 999 u_{e} + 999\) |
ConstService |
VAMINu |
\(VAMINu\) |
\(V_{AMIN} u_{e} + 999 u_{e} - 999\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E1 |
\(E^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_E2 |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(E_{2}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE1 |
\(SE^{1c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_SE2 |
\(SE^{2c}_{SAT}\) |
\(S_{E2} - 2 z^{SE2}_{SAT} + 2\) |
ConstService |
SAT_a |
\(a_{SAT}\) |
\(\sqrt{\frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} SE^{1c}_{SAT}}{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT}}} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(SE^{2c}_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)\) |
ConstService |
SAT_A |
\(A^q_{SAT}\) |
\(E^{2c}_{SAT} - \frac{E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}}{a_{SAT} - 1}\) |
ConstService |
SAT_B |
\(B^q_{SAT}\) |
\(\frac{E^{2c}_{SAT} SE^{2c}_{SAT} \left(a_{SAT} - 1\right)^{2} \left(\operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} > 0 \right)} + \operatorname{Indicator}{\left(a_{SAT} < 0 \right)}\right)}{\left(E^{1c}_{SAT} - E^{2c}_{SAT}\right)^{2}}\) |
ConstService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(V_{ref}\) |
PostInitService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
HVG_lt |
\(None_{HVG}\) |
LessThan |
|
LVG_lt |
\(None_{LVG}\) |
LessThan |
|
SL |
\(SL\) |
LessThan |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
FEX |
\(FEX\) |
Piecewise |
Piecewise function FEX |
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
V_A, Lead-lag compensator |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
V_A, Anti-windup lag |
HVG |
\(HVG\) |
HVGate |
HVGate for under excitation |
LVG |
\(LVG\) |
LVGate |
HVGate for under excitation |
SAT |
\(SAT\) |
ExcQuadSat |
Field voltage saturation |
INT |
\(INT\) |
Integrator |
V_E, integrator |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
Stablizing circuit feedback |
Config Fields in [ESAC1A]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |
ESST1A#
Exciter ESST1A model.
Reference:
[1] PowerWorld, Exciter ESST1A, [Online],
[2] NEPLAN, Exciters Models, [Online],
Available: https://www.powerworld.com/WebHelp/Content/TransientModels_HTML/Exciter%20ESST1A.htm
https://www.neplan.ch/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Nep_EXCITERS1.pdf
Parameters#
Name |
Symbol |
Description |
Default |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
idx |
unique device idx |
||||
u |
\(u\) |
connection status |
1 |
bool |
|
name |
device name |
||||
syn |
Synchronous generator idx |
mandatory |
|||
TR |
\(T_R\) |
Sensing time constant |
0.010 |
||
VIMAX |
\(V_{IMAX}\) |
Max. input voltage |
0.800 |
||
VIMIN |
\(V_{IMIN}\) |
Min. input voltage |
-0.100 |
||
TB |
\(T_B\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
||
TC |
\(T_C\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag |
1 |
||
TB1 |
\(T_{B1}\) |
Lag time constant in lead-lag 1 |
1 |
||
TC1 |
\(T_{C1}\) |
Lead time constant in lead-lag 1 |
1 |
||
VAMAX |
\(V_{AMAX}\) |
V_A upper limit |
999 |
p.u. |
|
VAMIN |
\(V_{AMIN}\) |
V_A lower limit |
-999 |
p.u. |
|
KA |
\(K_A\) |
Regulator gain |
80 |
||
TA |
\(T_A\) |
Lag time constant in regulator |
0.040 |
||
ILR |
\(I_{LR}\) |
Exciter output current limite reference |
1 |
||
KLR |
\(K_{LR}\) |
Exciter output current limiter gain |
1 |
||
VRMAX |
\(V_{RMAX}\) |
Maximum voltage regulator output limit |
7.300 |
p.u. |
|
VRMIN |
\(V_{RMIN}\) |
Minimum voltage regulator output limit |
-7.300 |
p.u. |
|
KF |
\(K_F\) |
Feedback gain |
0.100 |
||
TF |
\(T_{F}\) |
Feedback washout time constant |
1 |
||
KC |
\(K_C\) |
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance |
0.100 |
||
UELc |
\(UEL_c\) |
Alternate UEL inputs, input code 1-3 |
1 |
||
VOSc |
\(VOS_c\) |
Alternate Stabilizer inputs, input code 1-2 |
1 |
||
ug |
\(u_g\) |
Generator online status |
0 |
bool |
|
Sn |
\(S_m\) |
Rated power from generator |
0 |
MVA |
|
Vn |
\(V_m\) |
Rated voltage from generator |
0 |
kV |
|
bus |
\(bus\) |
Bus idx of the generators |
0 |
Variables#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Description |
Unit |
Properties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
State in lag transfer function |
v_str |
|
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LL1_x |
\(x'_{LL1}\) |
State |
State in lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
State in lag TF |
v_str |
|
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
State in washout filter |
v_str |
|
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
Generator speed |
||
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
Input to exciter (bus v or Eterm) |
v_str |
|
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
Exciter final output voltage |
v_str |
|
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for under exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
OEL |
\(O_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
Interface var for over exc. limiter |
v_str |
|
Vs |
\(V_{s}\) |
Algeb |
Voltage compensation from PSS |
v_str |
|
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
Reference voltage input |
p.u. |
v_str,v_iter |
SG |
\(SG\) |
Algeb |
SG |
v_str |
|
LR_x |
\(x_{LR}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
LR_y |
\(y_{LR}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
Total input voltages |
p.u. |
v_str,v_iter |
vil_x |
\(x_{vil}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
vil_y |
\(y_{vil}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
UEL2 |
\(UEL_{2}\) |
Algeb |
UEL_2 as HVG1 u1 |
v_str |
|
HVG1_y |
\(y_{HVG1}\) |
Algeb |
HVGate output |
v_str |
|
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
LL1_y |
\(y_{LL1}\) |
Algeb |
Output of lead-lag |
v_str |
|
vas |
\(V_{As}\) |
Algeb |
V_A after subtraction, as HVG u2 |
v_str,v_iter |
|
UEL3 |
\(UEL_{3}\) |
Algeb |
UEL_3 as HVG u1 |
v_str |
|
HVG_y |
\(y_{HVG}\) |
Algeb |
HVGate output |
v_str |
|
LVG_y |
\(y_{LVG}\) |
Algeb |
LVGate output |
v_str |
|
vol_x |
\(x_{vol}\) |
Algeb |
Value before limiter |
v_str |
|
vol_y |
\(y_{vol}\) |
Algeb |
Output after limiter and post gain |
v_str |
|
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
Output of washout filter |
v_str |
|
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Excitation field voltage to generator |
||
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Armature excitation current |
||
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage phase angle |
||
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Bus voltage magnitude |
||
vd |
\(V_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
d-axis machine voltage |
||
vq |
\(V_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
q-axis machine voltage |
Initialization Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Initial Value |
---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term}\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(y_{HVG1}\) |
LL1_x |
\(x'_{LL1}\) |
State |
\(y_{LL}\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL1}\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(y_{LVG}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} v_{f0}\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0}\) |
OEL |
\(O_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0}\) |
Vs |
\(V_{s}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(E_{term} - SG SWVOS_{s1} - SWUEL_{s1} U_{EL} + \frac{- SG SWVOS_{s2} + v_{f0} + y_{LR}}{K_{A}}\right)\) |
SG |
\(SG\) |
Algeb |
\(SG_{0}\) |
LR_x |
\(x_{LR}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{LR} \left(- I_{LR} + X_{ad}I_{fd}\right)\) |
LR_y |
\(y_{LR}\) |
Algeb |
\(LR_{lim zi} x_{LR} + LR_{lim zl} zero\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(SG SWVOS_{s1} + SWUEL_{s1} U_{EL} + V_{ref} + V_{s} - y_{LG} - y_{WF}\right)\) |
vil_x |
\(x_{vil}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i}\) |
vil_y |
\(y_{vil}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{IMAX} vil_{lim zu} + V_{IMIN} vil_{lim zl} + vil_{lim zi} x_{vil}\) |
UEL2 |
\(UEL_{2}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(SWUEL_{s2} U_{EL} + llim \left(1 - SWUEL_{s2}\right)\right)\) |
HVG1_y |
\(y_{HVG1}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{1 lt z0} UEL_{2} + HVG_{1 lt z1} y_{vil}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(y_{HVG1}\) |
LL1_y |
\(y_{LL1}\) |
Algeb |
\(y_{LL}\) |
vas |
\(V_{As}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(SG SWVOS_{s2} + y_{LA} - y_{LR}\right)\) |
UEL3 |
\(UEL_{3}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} \left(SWUEL_{s3} U_{EL} + llim \left(1 - SWUEL_{s3}\right)\right)\) |
HVG_y |
\(y_{HVG}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{lt z0} UEL_{3} + HVG_{lt z1} V_{As}\) |
LVG_y |
\(y_{LVG}\) |
Algeb |
\(LVG_{lt z0} O_{EL} + LVG_{lt z1} y_{HVG}\) |
vol_x |
\(x_{vol}\) |
Algeb |
\(y_{LVG}\) |
vol_y |
\(y_{vol}\) |
Algeb |
\(efd_{l} vol_{lim zl} + efd_{u} vol_{lim zu} + vol_{lim zi} x_{vol}\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(0\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vd |
\(V_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
|
vq |
\(V_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
Differential Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "T x' = f(x, y)" |
T (LHS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LG_y |
\(y_{LG}\) |
State |
\(E_{term} - y_{LG}\) |
\(T_R\) |
LL_x |
\(x'_{LL}\) |
State |
\(- x'_{LL} + y_{HVG1}\) |
\(T_B\) |
LL1_x |
\(x'_{LL1}\) |
State |
\(- x'_{LL1} + y_{LL}\) |
\(T_{B1}\) |
LA_y |
\(y_{LA}\) |
State |
\(K_{A} y_{LL1} - y_{LA}\) |
\(T_A\) |
WF_x |
\(x'_{WF}\) |
State |
\(- x'_{WF} + y_{LVG}\) |
\(T_{F}\) |
omega |
\(\omega\) |
ExtState |
\(0\) |
Algebraic Equations#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
RHS of Equation "0 = g(x, y)" |
---|---|---|---|
v |
\(E_{term}\) |
Algeb |
\(- E_{term} + V\) |
vout |
\(v_{out}\) |
Algeb |
\(u_{e} y_{vol} - v_{out}\) |
UEL |
\(U_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(UEL_{0} - U_{EL}\) |
OEL |
\(O_{EL}\) |
Algeb |
\(OEL_{0} - O_{EL}\) |
Vs |
\(V_{s}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{s}\) |
vref |
\(V_{ref}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{ref0} - V_{ref}\) |
SG |
\(SG\) |
Algeb |
\(- SG + SG_{0}\) |
LR_x |
\(x_{LR}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{LR} \left(- I_{LR} + X_{ad}I_{fd}\right) - x_{LR}\) |
LR_y |
\(y_{LR}\) |
Algeb |
\(LR_{lim zi} x_{LR} + LR_{lim zl} zero - y_{LR}\) |
vi |
\(V_{i}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{i} + u_{e} \left(SG SWVOS_{s1} + SWUEL_{s1} U_{EL} + V_{ref} + V_{s} - y_{LG} - y_{WF}\right)\) |
vil_x |
\(x_{vil}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{i} - x_{vil}\) |
vil_y |
\(y_{vil}\) |
Algeb |
\(V_{IMAX} vil_{lim zu} + V_{IMIN} vil_{lim zl} + vil_{lim zi} x_{vil} - y_{vil}\) |
UEL2 |
\(UEL_{2}\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL_{2} + u_{e} \left(SWUEL_{s2} U_{EL} + llim \left(1 - SWUEL_{s2}\right)\right)\) |
HVG1_y |
\(y_{HVG1}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{1 lt z0} UEL_{2} + HVG_{1 lt z1} y_{vil} - y_{HVG1}\) |
LL_y |
\(y_{LL}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{LT1 z1} LL_{LT2 z1} \left(- x'_{LL} + y_{LL}\right) + T_{B} x'_{LL} - T_{B} y_{LL} + T_{C} \left(- x'_{LL} + y_{HVG1}\right)\) |
LL1_y |
\(y_{LL1}\) |
Algeb |
\(LL_{1 LT1 z1} LL_{1 LT2 z1} \left(- x'_{LL1} + y_{LL1}\right) + T_{B1} x'_{LL1} - T_{B1} y_{LL1} + T_{C1} \left(- x'_{LL1} + y_{LL}\right)\) |
vas |
\(V_{As}\) |
Algeb |
\(- V_{As} + u_{e} \left(SG SWVOS_{s2} + y_{LA} - y_{LR}\right)\) |
UEL3 |
\(UEL_{3}\) |
Algeb |
\(- UEL_{3} + u_{e} \left(SWUEL_{s3} U_{EL} + llim \left(1 - SWUEL_{s3}\right)\right)\) |
HVG_y |
\(y_{HVG}\) |
Algeb |
\(HVG_{lt z0} UEL_{3} + HVG_{lt z1} V_{As} - y_{HVG}\) |
LVG_y |
\(y_{LVG}\) |
Algeb |
\(LVG_{lt z0} O_{EL} + LVG_{lt z1} y_{HVG} - y_{LVG}\) |
vol_x |
\(x_{vol}\) |
Algeb |
\(- x_{vol} + y_{LVG}\) |
vol_y |
\(y_{vol}\) |
Algeb |
\(efd_{l} vol_{lim zl} + efd_{u} vol_{lim zu} + vol_{lim zi} x_{vol} - y_{vol}\) |
WF_y |
\(y_{WF}\) |
Algeb |
\(K_{F} \left(- x'_{WF} + y_{LVG}\right) - T_{F} y_{WF}\) |
vf |
\(v_{f}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(u_{e} \left(- v_{f0} + v_{out}\right)\) |
XadIfd |
\(X_{ad}I_{fd}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
a |
\(\theta\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vbus |
\(V\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vd |
\(V_{d}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
vq |
\(V_{q}\) |
ExtAlgeb |
\(0\) |
Services#
Name |
Symbol |
Equation |
Type |
---|---|---|---|
ue |
\(u_e\) |
\(u u_{g}\) |
ConstService |
UEL0 |
\(UEL0\) |
\(-999\) |
ConstService |
OEL0 |
\(OEL0\) |
\(999\) |
ConstService |
ulim |
\(ulim\) |
\(9999\) |
ConstService |
llim |
\(llim\) |
\(-9999\) |
ConstService |
SG0 |
\(SG0\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
zero |
\(zero\) |
\(0\) |
ConstService |
VA0 |
\(V_{A0}\) |
\(- SG SWVOS_{s2} + v_{f0} + y_{LR}\) |
PostInitService |
vref0 |
\(V_{ref0}\) |
\(V_{ref}\) |
PostInitService |
efdu |
\(efd_{u}\) |
\(- K_{C} X_{ad}I_{fd} + V_{RMAX} \left|{V_{d} + i V_{q}}\right|\) |
VarService |
efdl |
\(efd_{l}\) |
\(V_{RMIN} \left|{V_{d} + i V_{q}}\right|\) |
VarService |
Discretes#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
SWUEL |
\(SW_{UEL}\) |
Switcher |
|
SWVOS |
\(SW_{VOS}\) |
Switcher |
|
LR_lim |
\(lim_{LR}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
vil_lim |
\(lim_{vil}\) |
HardLimiter |
|
HVG1_lt |
\(None_{HVG1}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL1_LT1 |
\(LT_{LL1}\) |
LessThan |
|
LL1_LT2 |
\(LT_{LL1}\) |
LessThan |
|
LA_lim |
\(lim_{LA}\) |
AntiWindup |
Limiter in Lag |
HVG_lt |
\(None_{HVG}\) |
LessThan |
|
LVG_lt |
\(None_{LVG}\) |
LessThan |
|
vol_lim |
\(lim_{vol}\) |
HardLimiter |
Blocks#
Name |
Symbol |
Type |
Info |
---|---|---|---|
LG |
\(LG\) |
Lag |
Voltage transducer |
LR |
\(LR\) |
GainLimiter |
Exciter output current gain limiter |
vil |
\(vil\) |
GainLimiter |
Exciter voltage input limiter |
HVG1 |
\(HVG1\) |
HVGate |
HVGate after V_I |
LL |
\(LL\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag compensator |
LL1 |
\(LL1\) |
LeadLag |
Lead-lag compensator 1 |
LA |
\(LA\) |
LagAntiWindup |
V_A, Anti-windup lag |
HVG |
\(HVG\) |
HVGate |
HVGate for under excitation |
LVG |
\(LVG\) |
LVGate |
HVGate for over excitation |
vol |
\(vol\) |
GainLimiter |
Exciter output limiter |
WF |
\(WF\) |
Washout |
V_F, Stablizing circuit feedback |
Config Fields in [ESST1A]
Option |
Symbol |
Value |
Info |
Accepted values |
---|---|---|---|---|
allow_adjust |
1 |
allow adjusting upper or lower limits |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_lower |
0 |
adjust lower limit |
(0, 1) |
|
adjust_upper |
1 |
adjust upper limit |
(0, 1) |